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We found that <jats:italic>B.\u00a0subtilis<\/jats:italic> endospores exhibited significant resistance to copper alloy surface killing but vegetative cells were highly sensitive to copper surface exposure. Cell death and lipid peroxidation occurred in <jats:italic>B.\u00a0subtilis<\/jats:italic> upon copper alloy surface exposure. In a sporulation\u2010defective strain carrying a deletion of almost the entire <jats:italic>Spo<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IIA<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> operon, lipid peroxidation directly correlated with cell death. Moreover, killing and lipid peroxidation initiated immediately and at a constant rate upon exposure to the copper surface without the delay observed previously in <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>. These findings support the hypothesis that membrane lipid peroxidation is the initiating event causing copper surface induced cell death of <jats:italic>B.\u00a0subtilis<\/jats:italic> vegetative cells. The findings suggest that the observed differences in the kinetics of copper\u2010induced killing compared to <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic> result from differences in cell envelop structure. As demonstrated in <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> DNA<\/jats:styled-content> degradation was shown to be a secondary effect of copper exposure in a <jats:italic>B.\u00a0subtilis<\/jats:italic> sporulation\u2010defective strain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T05:23:45Z","timestamp":1437024225000},"page":"753-763","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Antimicrobial copper alloy surfaces are effective against vegetative but not sporulated cells of gram\u2010positive <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Kaungmyat","family":"San","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences and Geology Queensborough Community College \u2013 CUNY 222\u201005 56th Avenue Bayside New York 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