{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:50:19Z","timestamp":1792522219444,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]],"date-time":"2015-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006756","name":"Brigham Young University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006756","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigated (1) the susceptibility of <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis<\/jats:italic> (Ames strain), <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATCC<\/jats:styled-content> 19659), and <jats:italic>Clostridium sporogenes<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATCC<\/jats:styled-content> 3584) spores to commercially available peracetic acid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010 and glutaraldehyde (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010based disinfectants, (2) the effects that heat\u2010shocking spores after treatment with these disinfectants has on spore recovery, and (3) the timing of heat\u2010shocking after disinfectant treatment that promotes the optimal recovery of spores deposited on carriers. Suspension tests were used to obtain inactivation kinetics for the disinfectants against three spore types. The effects of heat\u2010shocking spores after disinfectant treatment were also determined. Generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate 6\u2010log reduction times for each spore type, disinfectant, and heat treatment combination. Reduction times were compared statistically using the delta method. Carrier tests were performed according to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOAC<\/jats:styled-content> Official Method 966.04 and a modified version that employed immediate heat\u2010shocking after disinfectant treatment. Carrier test results were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based disinfectants had significantly shorter 6\u2010log reduction times than the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010based disinfectant. Heat\u2010shocking <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic> spores after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAA<\/jats:styled-content> treatment resulted in significantly shorter 6\u2010log reduction times. Conversely, heat\u2010shocking <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic> spores after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAA<\/jats:styled-content> treatment resulted in significantly longer 6\u2010log reduction times. Significant interactions were also observed between spore type, disinfectant, and heat treatment combinations. Immediately heat\u2010shocking spore carriers after disinfectant treatment produced greater spore recovery. Sporicidal activities of disinfectants were not consistent across spore species. The effects of heat\u2010shocking spores after disinfectant treatment were dependent on both disinfectant and spore species. Caution must be used when extrapolating sporicidal data of disinfectants from one spore species to another. Heat\u2010shocking provides a more accurate picture of spore survival for only some disinfectant\/spore combinations. Collaborative studies should be conducted to further examine a revision of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOAC<\/jats:styled-content> Official Method 966.04 relative to heat\u2010shocking.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]],"date-time":"2015-07-17T05:22:50Z","timestamp":1437110570000},"page":"764-773","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The differential effects of heat\u2010shocking on the viability of spores from <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>,<i> Bacillus subtilis<\/i>, and <i>Clostridium sporogenes<\/i> after treatment with peracetic acid\u2010 and glutaraldehyde\u2010based disinfectants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Jordon K.","family":"March","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 4007\u2010B LSB Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D.","family":"Pratt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 4007\u2010B LSB Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinn\u2010Woan","family":"Lowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 4007\u2010B LSB Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marissa N.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 4007\u2010B LSB Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Satterfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 4007\u2010B LSB Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Schaalje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics 230 TMCB Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim L.","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 4007\u2010B LSB Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Robison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology 4007\u2010B LSB Brigham Young University Provo Utah 84602"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.1998.00430.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1983.tb02637.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715769409056566"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(96)90039-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03361.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1983.tb01305.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01003541"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.98.13.257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/33.1.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"131","article-title":"Buffered glutaraldehyde (Cidex). 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