{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T06:18:48Z","timestamp":1787984328052,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,14]],"date-time":"2012-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In bacteria, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010alanine is formed via the action of <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\u2010aspartate <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010decarboxylase (PanD) which is one of the small class of pyruvoyl\u2010dependent enzymes. The pyruvoyl cofactor in these enzymes is formed via the intramolecular rearrangement of a serine residue in the peptide backbone leading to chain cleavage and formation of the covalently\u2010bound cofactor from the serine residue. This reaction was previously thought to be uncatalysed. Here we show that in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, PanD is activated by the putative acetyltransferase YhhK, subsequently termed PanZ. Activation of PanD both in vivo and in vitro is PanZ\u2010dependent. PanZ binds to PanD, and we demonstrate that a PanZ(N45A) site\u2010directed mutant is unable to enhance cleavage of the proenzyme PanD despite retaining affinity for PanD. This suggests that the putative acetyltransferases domain of PanZ may be responsible for activation to enhance the processing of PanD. Although <jats:italic>panD<\/jats:italic> is conserved among most bacteria, the <jats:italic>panZ<\/jats:italic> gene is conserved only in <jats:italic>E. coli\u2010<\/jats:italic>related enterobacterial species including <jats:italic>Shigella, Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Yersinia<\/jats:italic>. These bacteria are found predominantly in the gut flora where pantothenate is abundant and regulation of PanD by PanZ allows these organisms to closely regulate production of <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\u2010alanine and hence pantothenate in response to metabolic demand.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T02:23:09Z","timestamp":1344997389000},"page":"298-310","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["An activator for pyruvoyl\u2010dependent <scp>l<\/scp>\u2010aspartate <i>\u03b1<\/i>\u2010decarboxylase is conserved in a small group of the \u03b3\u2010proteobacteria including <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Shingo","family":"Nozaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center National Institute of Genetics 1111 Yata Mishima Shizuoka 411\u20108540 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology and School of Chemistry University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Niki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Genetics Laboratory, Genetic Strains Research Center National Institute of Genetics 1111 Yata Mishima Shizuoka 411\u20108540 Japan"},{"name":"Department of Genetics Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai) 1111 Yata Mishima Shizuoka 411\u20108540 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)38417-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb0498-289"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb4100050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)70307-4","article-title":"The metabolism of pantothenic acid","volume":"234","author":"Brown G. 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