{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T19:35:28Z","timestamp":1772998528765,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"Bulgarian Ministry of Education, Youth and Science"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n subspecies\n enterica<\/jats:italic>\n serovar Typhimurium is the most common zoonotic pathogen in Bulgaria. To allow efficient outbreak investigations and surveillance in the food chain, accurate and discriminatory methods for typing are needed. This study evaluated the use of multiple\u2010locus variable\u2010number of tandem repeats analysis (\n MLVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and compared results with antimicrobial resistance (\n AMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) determinations for 100\n S<\/jats:italic>\n .\u00a0Typhimurium strains isolated in Bulgaria during 2008\u20132012 (50 veterinary\/food and 50 human isolates). Results showed that isolates were divided into 80 and 34 groups using\n MLVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n AMR<\/jats:styled-content>\n , respectively. Simpson's index of diversity was determined to 0.994\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.003 and 0.945\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.012. The most frequently encountered\n MLVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n profiles were 3\u201011\u20109\u2010\n NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010211 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a05); 3\u201012\u20109\u2010\n NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010211 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a03); 3\u201012\u201011\u201021\u2010311 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a03); 3\u201017\u201010\u2010\n NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010311 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a03); 2\u201020\u20109\u20107\u2010212 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a03); and 2\u201023\u2010\n NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n NA<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010111 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a03). No clustering of isolates related to susceptibility\/resistance to antimicrobials, source of isolation, or year of isolation was observed. Some\n MLVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n types were found in both human and veterinary\/food isolates, indicating a possible route of transmission. A majority (83%) of the isolates were found to be resistant against at least one antimicrobial and 44% against \u22654 antimicrobials. Further studies are needed to verify\n MLVA<\/jats:styled-content>\n usefulness over a longer period of time and with more isolates, including outbreak strains.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.528","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T00:15:56Z","timestamp":1503533756000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Use of multiple\u2010locus variable\u2010number of tandem repeats analysis (\n MLVA<\/scp>\n ) to investigate genetic diversity of\n Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n subsp.\n enterica<\/i>\n serovar Typhimurium isolates from human, food, and veterinary sources"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Gergana","family":"Mateva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Diagnostic Research Veterinary Institute Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Veterinary Institute Technical University of Denmark Frederiksberg C Denmark"},{"name":"National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gitte","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark S\u00f8borg Denmark"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Galina","family":"Asseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hristo","family":"Daskalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Diagnostic Research Veterinary Institute Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petar","family":"Petrov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todor","family":"Kantardjiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Alexandar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6492-1245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotta","family":"L\u00f6fstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Food Institute Technical University of Denmark S\u00f8borg Denmark"},{"name":"Agrifood and Bioscience RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00210-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13110"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","unstructured":"Anon.(2013).Bulgaria The Report referred to in Article 9 of Directive 2003\/99\/EC. Trends and sources of zoonoses and zoonotic agents in human foodstuffs animals and feedingstuffs. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.efsa.europa.eu\/en\/scdocs\/doc\/zoocountryreport12bg.pdf(Accessed 30 January 2015)."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2013.1672"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.06.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"19147","article-title":"An outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium infections in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 2008","volume":"14","author":"Bruun T.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance Weekly"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"CLSI(2010).Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Twentieth informational supplement. CLSI document M100\u2010S20."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01820-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810002025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"ECDC(2011).Laboratory standard operating procedure for MLVA of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium. Version 1.2. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\/Publications\/1109_SOP_Salmonella_Typhimurium_MLVA.pdfStockholm."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2013.3129"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","volume-title":"Antigenic formulae of the Salmonella serovars","author":"Grimont A. 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