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However, our understanding of their physiological roles remains limited, especially for less\u2010studied pumps like EmrYK\u2010TolC. In this study, we tested the effects on swimming motility and growth under stress conditions of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> mutants individually deleted for each inner\u2010membrane transporter component of all eight TolC\u2010dependent pumps, a mutant deleted for the AcrB\u2010accessory protein AcrZ, and a mutant simultaneously deleted for all eight pumps (\u0394<jats:italic>tolC<\/jats:italic>). We found that all mutants tested, except the \u0394<jats:italic>emrY<\/jats:italic> and \u0394<jats:italic>acrZ<\/jats:italic> mutants, displayed increased swimming motility. Additionally, the loss of each individual TolC\u2010dependent pump or AcrZ did not reduce growth and sometimes even enhanced it compared to the parental strain under various growth conditions: temperature (LB at 25, 30, 37, and 42\u00b0C), pH (LB at pH 6.0, 7.4, and 9.0; and LB buffered to pH 6.0, 7.4, and 8.25), LB with limited air exchange, and nutritional stress (M9\u2010glucose or M9\u2010glycerol). In contrast, the \u0394<jats:italic>tolC<\/jats:italic> mutant grew significantly slower than the parental strain under all conditions tested except in LB\u2010TRIS pH 7.4 and LB with limited air exchange. Overall, these findings indicate that while individual TolC\u2010dependent pumps are generally dispensable for growth under many stress conditions in the absence of antimicrobials, possibly due to their partially overlapping substrate profiles, TolC\u2010dependent efflux is required for maximal growth under most conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T06:36:15Z","timestamp":1731393375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Physiological Effects of TolC\u2010Dependent Multidrug Efflux Pumps in <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>: Impact on Motility and Growth Under Stress Conditions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Di Maso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology California State University Northridge Northridge California 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