{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T03:24:43Z","timestamp":1772681083495,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Scope: Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional deficiency worldwide, impacting gut bacteria's metabolism and cellular biochemistry, but its effects on the microbiota\u2010gut\u2010brain axis (MGB) are poorly understood. Early\u2010life ID\u2010related dysbiosis is linked to neurodevelopmental impairments like autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Studying ID's impact on bacterial signaling can guide interventions to target MGB in iron\u2010deficient populations. This study examined the responses of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) and <jats:italic>Limosilactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>) to in\u2010vitro ID conditions using the iron chelator 2,2\u2019\u2010Bipyridyl (BP). Methods and Results: We assessed and modeled their growth and cultivability and explored their bioelectric profiles using the voltage\u2010sensitive dye DiBAC4(3). Results showed differential responses: <jats:italic>L. reuteri<\/jats:italic>'s growth and cultivability were unaffected by BP, while <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>'s growth rate and cultivability decreased under ID. Additionally, we created a deterministic mathematical model that demonstrated a decrease in the population's average reproduction rate in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> under ID. Only <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> exhibited an altered bioelectric profile, marked by increased cell depolarization in ID conditions, which was largely rescued upon the addition of a saturating concentration of iron. Conclusion: These findings highlight specific bioelectrical responses in gut bacteria to ID. Understanding this variability is crucial for deciphering the microbiota's role in health and disease, particularly concerning nutritional iron imbalance and bacterial signaling in the MGB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T08:54:32Z","timestamp":1748854472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Impact of Iron Deficiency on the Growth and Bioelectrical Profile of Different Gut Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Quarta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology &amp; Evolution, and Modeling, Data Analysis &amp; Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center \u201cGuido Tarone\u201d University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marwane","family":"Bourqqia\u2010Ramzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology &amp; Evolution, and Modeling, Data Analysis &amp; Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mu\u00f1oz\u2010Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology &amp; Evolution, and Modeling, Data Analysis &amp; Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9041-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Garc\u00eda\u2010Esteban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic, Physiology and Microbiology, Unit of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Murciano\u2010Cespedosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology &amp; Evolution, and Modeling, Data Analysis &amp; Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Mateos Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology &amp; Evolution, and Modeling, Data Analysis &amp; Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9","family":"Conejero\u2010Meca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology &amp; Evolution, and Modeling, Data Analysis &amp; Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Lombardo\u2010Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology &amp; Evolution, and Modeling, Data Analysis &amp; Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Mansilla\u2010Guardiola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology &amp; Evolution, and Modeling, Data Analysis &amp; Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Genetic, Physiology and Microbiology, Unit of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Baroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center \u201cGuido Tarone\u201d University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simonetta","family":"Geninatti Crich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center \u201cGuido Tarone\u201d University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Geuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Munaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science and Systems Biology (DBIOS) University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Chiabrando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center \u201cGuido Tarone\u201d University of Torino Turin Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0748-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Herrera\u2010Rincon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biodiversity, Ecology &amp; Evolution, and Modeling, Data Analysis &amp; Computational Tools for Biology Research Group, Biomathematics Unit, Faculty of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"459","article-title":"Measuring Resting Membrane Potential Using the Fluorescent Voltage Reporters DiBAC4(3) and Cc2\u2010Dmpe","volume":"2012","author":"Adams D. S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Protocols"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5561-1_7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00055-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00055-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.9.5621-5623.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051279"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2018.07024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2019.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25116233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1703084114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12479"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynpai.2020.100056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90511.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2009.01384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2012.01461.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb500319n"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2020.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2021.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bioe.2021.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/092986705774463003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mtomcs\/mfae033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1204763"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14660"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2208348120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.110.131169"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spen.2006.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BST0361267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_3","first-page":"585","article-title":"Perinatal Iron Deficiency and Neurocognitive Development","author":"Radlowski E. C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-019-01276-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.2309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32594-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15709"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Iron Homeostasis in Host and Gut Bacteria\u2013a Complex Interrelationship","volume":"13","author":"Seyoum Y.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bellwether Publishing, Ltd"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2021.111460"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12951"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.15463"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12949"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-024-01778-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2016.00029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.344903"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5MT00012B"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.158.1.1-8.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.288.5471.1651"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2011.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408440490503143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(00)00251-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61235-5"}],"container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70015","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T12:06:48Z","timestamp":1750939608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mbo3.70015"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mbo3.70015"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mbo3.70015","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-8827","2045-8827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-8827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70015"}}