{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T12:28:58Z","timestamp":1769776138479,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Carbapenemase\u2010producing\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (CPE) represents a significant global public health concern, largely driven by factors including misuse of antibiotics and their inappropriate use in livestock. This study systematically evaluated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of\n                    <jats:italic>Galla chinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (GC) water extract against a range of CPE strains, aiming to assess its potential therapeutic application and efficacy against multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria (MDR). MIC values for carbapenemase with different plasmids spanned between 3.9 and 500\u2009mg\/mL, while readings of 62.55\u2013500\u2009mg\/L demonstrated no colonies. The growth curve analysis demonstrated that the GC extract significantly inhibited bacterial growth at both 1\/4 and 1\/2 MIC doses, completely inhibiting bacterial growth at 1 MIC (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Furthermore, the effect of 1\/4 MIC was also statistically different; however, it may not provide a meaningful inhibitory effect. qRT\u2010PCR analysis revealed an increase in the expression of carbapenemase genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>pkPC2_InFII<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>pNDM5_IncX3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>pIMP4_IncN<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>pOXA48_IncX3<\/jats:italic>\n                    subsequent to GC extract treatment at 1\/2 MIC. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed differential gene expression associated with bacterial resistance mechanisms. Consequently, the GC extract demonstrated pronounced antibacterial efficacy against CPE, exhibiting a significant ability to inhibit their growth and minimize the activity of vital resistance genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T06:20:49Z","timestamp":1753770049000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Study on Antibacterial Activity of Water Extract of\n                    <i>Galla chinensis<\/i>\n                    Against Carbapenemase\u2010Producing\n                    <i>Enterobacteriaceae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-3554-7611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MinHui","family":"Miao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jiangyin Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jiangyin Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing 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