{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T14:28:30Z","timestamp":1765376910743,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757376000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is recognized as the major cause of implanted indwelling medical device\u2010related infections. The ability of\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    to form biofilms largely increases its resistance to conventional antibiotics, which is the major cause of treatment failure. Therefore, there is a pressing need to discover novel antimicrobials against\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms. In this study, Closantel (Clos), an antiparasitic drug, was repurposed to be effective against\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    planktonic cells with the minimal inhibitory concentration values of 0.25\u20130.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Clos exhibited potent biofilm inhibition at \u2265\u20090.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL and achieved effective eradication at \u2265\u20091\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Notably, Clos induced lower resistance in\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    compared to Rifampicin. Mechanism study indicated that Clos exerted the bactericidal activity mainly through inducing bacterial cell membrane depolarization and further disruption. And the antibiofilm activity of Clos could be partially due to the inhibition of initial adhesion and extracellular polysaccharides production. In addition, CCK\u20108 assay showed that Clos at 16\u2009\u03bcg\/mL had limited cytotoxicity in A2780, HaCaT and 293\u2009T cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that Clos, a molecule targeting bacterial cell membranes, exhibits strong antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects in vitro against\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Although, side effects were reported in mammals, developing Clos derivatives could be still an effective therapeutic strategy to treat\n                    <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010related infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T03:59:16Z","timestamp":1757476756000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity of Closantel Against\n                    <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Wu","family":"Pingyun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wu","family":"Ruolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wan","family":"Xueting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"She","family":"Pengfei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12546"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20415990.2025.2476928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7020028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22929-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.10.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","unstructured":"CLSI.2024. 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