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The main causes of environmental AMR include the abuse of antibiotics and nonantibiotic substances, such as biocides and heavy metals, in veterinary care, agriculture, and healthcare, which hasten the generation of resistant superbugs. The dissemination of drug\u2010resistant microbes and genetic elements is aided by environmental hotspots, such as hospitals, wastewater treatment facilities, livestock farms, and pharmaceutical production facilities. The Global Action Plan, National Action Plan, antimicrobial stewardship initiatives, improved surveillance, precise diagnostics, infection prevention and control, and the concept of One Health are all components of the multidimensional strategy needed to combat AMR. Promising alternative therapies to conventional treatments include antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophage therapy, immunotherapies, nanotechnology, probiotics, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats\u2010Cas system, and artificial intelligence. The concept of One Health, recognizing the interdependence of human, animal, and ecosystem health, offers a holistic strategy for addressing AMR. However, implementing these strategies presents significant challenges, including resource limitations and regulatory barriers. This review tries to give a complete picture of AMR by focusing on the main factors that cause it and the hotspots that promote the acquisition of resistance genes. Additionally, it examines approaches to counteract AMR and the obstacles encountered in their execution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T14:11:07Z","timestamp":1760451067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Environmental Antimicrobial Resistance: Key Drivers, Hotspots, Innovative Strategies, and Challenges in the Fight Against Superbugs"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Kindu","family":"Alem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"},{"name":"Biology Department Faculty of Natural and Computational Sciences Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5174-8519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mulat","family":"Dagnew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mucheye","family":"Gizachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baye","family":"Gelaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feleke","family":"Moges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar Gondar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14101019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/challe12020023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2024.232"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2024.110545"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.69936\/en09y0025"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance in a Globalized World: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives","volume":"1","author":"Aijaz M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Drug Design"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008686.2024.2312953"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526523666230725103902"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202416331"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15172244"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1251692"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003688"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"4605","article-title":"AI for Pandemic Preparedness and Infectious Disease Surveillance: Predicting Outbreaks, Modeling Transmission, and Optimizing Public Health Interventions","volume":"5","author":"Ali H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Public Health Research in Developing Countries: Achievements and Challenges","author":"Al\u2010Worafi Y. 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