{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:50:23Z","timestamp":1790905823763,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The rising global population has led to an increased demand for poultry meat, necessitating the development of sustainable and safe alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters, which have been banned or restricted due to concerns about antibiotic resistance. Phytogenic feed additives (PFAs), particularly hop\u2010derived compounds, have shown promise as natural antimicrobial agents. This study investigates the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of five major hop\u2010derived compounds \u2014isoxanthohumol, xanthohumol, humulone, lupulone, and isohumulone \u2014to assess their potential as PFAs in poultry farming. Using broth dilution and metabolic activity assays, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and cytotoxic concentrations (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) were determined against\n                    <jats:italic>Micrococcus luteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and a chicken fibroblast cell line (UMNSAH\/DF\u20101). Among the compounds tested, xanthohumol demonstrated the most favorable selective index against\n                    <jats:italic>M. luteus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (5.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.36), while for\n                    <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , lupulone had an even higher index (15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.77). These findings highlight the novel potential of specific hop\u2010derived compounds as selective and safe PFAs, contributing valuable insights into natural alternatives to conventional antibiotic growth promoters.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T05:30:51Z","timestamp":1761111051000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Selective Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Effects of Hop Compounds to Combat Poultry Antimicrobial Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1541-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Kober","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioprocess Engineering Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9086-0036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathrin","family":"Castiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioprocess Engineering Friedrich\u2010Alexander\u2010Universit\u00e4t Erlangen\u2010N\u00fcrnberg Erlangen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/bih.76.3.111.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.104295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24061024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67045-4_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2012.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0887-2333(94)90123-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/67887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2481"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26082366"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"4753","article-title":"Hop as a Phytogenic Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Poultry Production","volume":"9","author":"Kober L.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12231-021-09528-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.122704"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2130-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"1727","article-title":"Metal Stress and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Some Bacterial and Fungal Strains","volume":"6","author":"Seniya C.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(99)00019-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2017.00126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12050670"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","volume-title":"Xanthohumol","author":"PubChem","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","volume-title":"Humulone","author":"PubChem","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3184\/003685018X15173975498947"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2009.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np800740m"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2007.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2024.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hops (Humulus lupulus) Strobile Extract and Its Major Components Show Strong Antibacterial Activity Against Methicillin\u2010Resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"7","author":"Wendakoon C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinally Active Plants"}],"container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70080","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T14:25:54Z","timestamp":1765376754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mbo3.70080"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mbo3.70080"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mbo3.70080","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-8827","2045-8827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-8827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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