{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:43:12Z","timestamp":1769632992741,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Asthma, a chronic bronchial disorder prevalent in children\/adolescents, is exacerbated under environmental conditions like dust storms. The current study investigated heavy metal levels, airborne bacteria, and serum IL\u20104\/IL\u20108 in asthmatics during before\/after dust storms in Iraq's Al\u2010Anbar, Baghdad, and Kirkuk provinces. Airborne heavy metals were quantified by ICP\u2010MS, serum cytokines by ELISA, and bacterial communities via metagenomics. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 significant). ICP\u2010MS revealed considerably elevated post\u2010storm concentrations of As, Ag, B, Ba, Co, Hg, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sn, S, Ti, and V. Asthmatic subjects presented with considerably elevated IL\u20104 and IL\u20108 post\u2010storm (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) compared to controls (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Metagenomics revealed storm\u2010induced bacterial alterations: Al\u2010Anbar contained elevated\n                    <jats:italic>Burkholderiaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Methylophilaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Rhodobacteraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ; Kirkuk contained elevated\n                    <jats:italic>Ilumatobacteraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Microbacteriaceae, Burkholderiaceae, and\n                    <jats:italic>Rhodobacteraceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Baghdad's most prevalent species included\n                    <jats:italic>Rhodocyclaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (50%),\n                    <jats:italic>Burkholderiaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    (17%), and Arcobacteraceae (4.5%). Al\u2010Anbar was significantly richer in microbes (Chao1) and more diverse (Shannon) than other regions following the dust storm (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). These findings indicate that dust storms raise heavy metals, alter airborne bacteria, and increase inflammatory cytokines in asthma sufferers, and these emphasize their role in exacerbating asthma in Iraq.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T09:12:06Z","timestamp":1762247526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Dust Storms on Airborne Bacteria, Heavy Metals, and Inflammatory Markers in Asthmatic Patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alaa","family":"Al\u2010Husseini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Arak University Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6206-5190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Komijani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Arak University Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rulla","family":"Sabah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, College of Science Mustansiriyah University Baghdad Iraq"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.13789"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/11786302211018390"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.656269"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-019-00193-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/crj.12655"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2018.1469398"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Risk Factors for Asthma in Iraqi Children","volume":"8","author":"Alsamarai A. 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