{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:57:42Z","timestamp":1769633862028,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multi\u2010Resistant Bacteria (MRB) is a threatening biomedical problem, whose solution is of paramount importance. Due to the antibiotics resistance there is an emerging need for novel treatment strategies and protocolls. As bacteria tolerance in modern chemotherapeytic agents expands, the introduction of alternative methods is fundamental. The use of High voltage Electric Pulses, through a process known as Irreversible Electroporation (IRE), is an effective alternative bacterial control method. This paper describes a new prototype high voltage nanosecond pulser and validates its effectiveness in the in\u2010vitro growth inhibition of a clinical resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain. Radiofrequency (RF) pulses of 100\u2009ns and 450\u2009ns pulse width and 1\u2009Hz and 1\u2009kHz repetition rate respectively were tested for therapy time in the range of 20\u2013200\u2009s. Increasing the electric field strength up to 11.5\u2009kV\/cm and the duration of therapy time up to 200\u2009s results in 3.5\u2009log scale reduction in bacterial cells. Nanosecond electric pulsed fields from our prototype device inhibite\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth in in\u2010vitro test. It is sugested to test our prototype device in ex\u2010vivo studies and propose a therapeutic protocol for infected skin wounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T17:39:07Z","timestamp":1765301947000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    Growth Inhibition Using an Innovative High Voltage Nanosecond Pulser: In Vitro Experimental Results"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3622-5821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stavros","family":"Balasis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics University of Patras, Medical School Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-6280-1966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Department of Financial and Management Engineering University of the Aegean Chios Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Georgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Patras, Medical School Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fevronia","family":"Kolonitsiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Patras, Medical School Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Giormezis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Patras, Medical School Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8959-7306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonios","family":"Kyriakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Department Evaggelismos Hospital Athens Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chrysa","family":"Oikonomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology University of Patras, Medical School Patras Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georgios\u2010Filippos","family":"Papageorgiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Craiova Craiova Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bem.20692"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","unstructured":"Campbell D. 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