{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T21:11:16Z","timestamp":1769634676664,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]],"date-time":"2025-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762646400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                      , a prominent species within the\n                      <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae<\/jats:italic>\n                      complex, is a significant cause of nosocomial infections and is frequently associated with multidrug resistance. Rapid genomic comparison helps guide timely infection control measures. This study aimed to develop a simple and rapid multiple\u2010locus variable\u2010number tandem\u2010repeat analysis (MLVA) protocol for epidemiological surveillance of\n                      <jats:italic>E. hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Eight variable\u2010number tandem\u2010repeat (VNTR) regions were selected for amplification using multiplex PCR, followed by gel electrophoresis. The method's discriminatory power was evaluated on 46 unrelated strains from 22 French hospitals. Then, suspected related strains from three potential outbreaks, including ESBL\u2010 and\/or NDM\u2010producing isolates were compared. An independent collection of 22 VIM\u2010producing strains was also analyzed. Whole\u2010genome sequencing (WGS) was used as the gold standard. Among 46 unrelated\n                      <jats:italic>E. hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains, representing the five subspecies, MLVA and MLST showed similar discriminatory power (36 MLVA profiles vs. 33 STs, Hunter and Gaston diversity indices 0.9833 vs. 0.9824, respectively). Isolates with different ST typically had distinct MLVA profiles, except for three instances where different STs shared similar profiles. In STs represented by multiple strains, MLVA sometimes distinguished strains sharing the same ST. Among the three potential outbreak, epidemic strains exhibited unique MLVA profiles, with genetic distances of 0\u201311 SNPs using WGS, while unrelated isolates had different MLVA profiles, indicating this technique's potential as an effective screening tool for clonal groups. Similar results were observed for VIM\u2010producing\n                      <jats:italic>E. hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                      , with consistent MLVA profiles within the same STs. The MLVA protocol developed is a rapid, cost\u2010effective method for\n                      <jats:italic>E. hormaechei<\/jats:italic>\n                      epidemiological investigations that can quickly rule out unrelated strains. However, highly discriminatory techniques like WGS remain necessary when profiles are similar.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T04:51:18Z","timestamp":1762750278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In House Rapid, Simple Multiple\u2010Locus Variable\u2010Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA): A Reliable Tool for\n                    <i>Enterobacter hormaechei<\/i>\n                    Genotyping"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Claire","family":"Guillermard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Robert\u2010Debr\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8366-597X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Audrey","family":"Baron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Robert\u2010Debr\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Bidet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Robert\u2010Debr\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"},{"name":"University of Paris Cit\u00e9, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"La","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Paris Cit\u00e9, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maud","family":"Gits\u2010Muselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Robert\u2010Debr\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Courroux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Robert\u2010Debr\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lie","family":"Malaure","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Saint\u2010Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Dortet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology\u2010Hygiene Bic\u00eatre Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Team \u201cResist\u201d, UMR1184, Immunology of Viral, Auto\u2010immune, Haematological and Bacterial diseases (IMVA\u2010HB), INSERM Paris\u2010Saclay University Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"},{"name":"Associated French National Reference Center for Antibiotic Resistance: Carbapenemase\u2010producing Enterobacteriaceae Le Kremlin\u2010Bic\u00eatre France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Birgy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Robert\u2010Debr\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"},{"name":"University of Paris Cit\u00e9, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Bonacorsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Robert\u2010Debr\u00e9 Hospital, Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"},{"name":"University of Paris Cit\u00e9, IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.2.573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02812-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Chabaud A.2021. \u201cConsommation d'antibiotiques et r\u00e9sistances bact\u00e9riennes en \u00e9tablissement de sant\u00e9. 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