{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:59:15Z","timestamp":1769633955544,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multidrug\u2010resistant (\n                    <jats:italic>MDR<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) represents a significant public health concern, particularly when harboring virulence genes such as clbA, which encodes the genotoxin colibactin. This study assessed the distribution of the clbA gene among MDR\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates from normal individuals, cancer patients, and clinical patients, and examined its association with antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 115 MDR\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates were collected from January to December 2024 at two healthcare centers in Nepal. The clbA gene was detected in 13.0% (15\/115) of isolates, with a significantly higher prevalence in clinical patients (25.0%) compared to cancer patients (8.6%) and normal individuals (5.0%) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0105). clbA\u2010positive isolates exhibited markedly increased resistance to critical antibiotics, including imipenem (100% vs. 15.0%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003), meropenem (100% vs. 12.5%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001), and amikacin (100% vs. 10.0%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.050), compared to clbA\u2010negative strains. These findings suggest that the presence of the colibactin\u2010encoding clbA gene in MDR\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    is linked to heightened antimicrobial resistance, especially in clinical settings, underscoring the need for targeted molecular surveillance and infection control strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T06:01:55Z","timestamp":1762840915000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distribution of\n                    <i>Clba<\/i>\n                    Gene and Its Correlation With Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in MDR\n                    <i>E. coli<\/i>\n                    From Diverse Host Groups"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7244-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soma Kanta","family":"Baral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Biotechnology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Govardhan","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indira","family":"Parajuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Environmental Science Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Krishna","family":"Das Manandhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Biotechnology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pramod","family":"Poudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Department of Biotechnology Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1224820"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/jmmihs.v9i2.71802"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3126\/jmmihs.v10i1.77748"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"1240","article-title":"Colistin\u2010Resistant Strains Among MDR Escherichia coli: A Global Systematic Review","volume":"10","author":"Behzadi P.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antibiotics (USSR)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056964"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108499"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.10.4555-4558.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 33rd ed. 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R.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00015-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","volume-title":"Manual of Clinical Microbiology","author":"Jorgensen J. 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