{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T01:52:50Z","timestamp":1776649970149,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]],"date-time":"2025-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762732800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The increasing prevalence of multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) uropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (UPEC) strains, particularly those producing \u03b2\u2010lactamase enzymes, complicates urinary tract infection (UTI) treatment and poses a significant public health threat. This study investigates the antibacterial potential of actinomycete extracts against MDR UPEC isolates while characterizing their phylogenetic diversity and \u03b2\u2010lactamase profiles. From 300 clinical UTI samples collected in Babil Province, Iraq, 50 UPEC isolates were confirmed via standard microbiological and biochemical assays. Phylogenetic analysis, utilizing PCR\u2010based detection of\n                    <jats:italic>chuA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>yjaA<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>TspE4.C2<\/jats:italic>\n                    loci, revealed that most isolates belonged to the virulent B2 group. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed 64% of isolates were MDR, with high resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Screening for \u03b2\u2010lactamase genes identified\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    CTX\u2010M\u2010I,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    TEM, and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    OXA as prevalent resistance determinants. Actinomycete isolates from soil samples produced ethyl acetate extracts that exhibited potent antibacterial effects against MDR UPEC, with inhibition zones exceeding 15\u2009mm. These findings highlight actinomycetes as a promising source of novel antimicrobials to combat \u03b2\u2010lactamase\u2010producing UPEC, emphasizing the need for further compound characterization.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T05:21:35Z","timestamp":1762838495000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antibacterial Potential of Actinomycete Extracts and Characterization of \u03b2\u2010Lactamase\u2010Producing Multidrug\u2010Resistant Uropathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6177-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoda","family":"Khaledi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Institute for Oceanography and Atmospheric Science Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nour Oude","family":"Obeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Convergent Sciences and Technologies Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md8030399"},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"3874","article-title":"Carbapenem Resistance in E. coli","volume":"6","author":"Aktas Z.","year":"2012","journal-title":"African Journal of Microbiology Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","article-title":"Prevalence of bla CTX\u2010M, bla CTX\u2010M\u20102, bla CTX\u2010M\u20108, bla CTX\u2010M\u201025 and bla CTX\u2010M\u20103 Genes in Escherichia Coli Isolated From Urinary Tract Infection in Kermanshah City, Iran","volume":"13","author":"Akya A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","article-title":"In Vitro Evaluation of the Protoscolicidal Effect of Extracts Prepared From the Leaves of Laurus Nobilis on the Protoscolices of Echinococcus Granulosus","volume":"21","author":"Al\u2010Bayati N. 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