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Rat models of damp\u2010heat diarrhea and cold\u2010damp diarrhea were established. Changes in body weight, body temperature, food intake, water consumption, and the diarrhea index were recorded. ELISA was employed to detect levels of IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, and IL\u201010. Histological evaluations were conducted using H&amp;E staining and AB\u2010PAS staining techniques. Transmission electron microscopy was utilized to observe ultrastructural changes in the colonic epithelium, while Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression of Occludin, Claudin1, Claudin5, GPR41, GPR43, GPR109A, and NLRP3 in colon tissues. GC\u2013MS analysis was carried out to determine the content of SCFAs in the cecal contents of rats; additionally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze the composition of gut microbiota in these animals. Differential analysis methods were applied to evaluate similarities and differences in SCFAs profiles and gut microbiota between damp\u2010heat diarrhea and cold\u2010damp conditions. The body weight and food intake of rats with induced damp\u2010heat diarrhea or cold\u2010damp diarrhea significantly decreased over time as their diarrheal symptoms progressively worsened. However, following treatment with appropriate prescriptions tailored for each condition resulted in an improvement in diarrheal symptoms among the affected rats. In accordance with the \u201cprescription\u2010based syndrome differentiation\u201d theory, the rat experimental animal models of damp\u2010heat diarrhea and cold\u2010dampness diarrhea were successfully established. The models exhibited characteristic diarrheal symptoms alongside increased levels of inflammatory factors indicative of severe histopathological damage; there was also a notable reduction in tight junction protein expression observed across all models studied. Furthermore, the Firmicutes\/Bacteroidota ratio showed a significant decrease. Interestingly, differences between damp\u2010heat diarrhea and cold\u2010damp diarrhea manifested as follows: Both modeling groups showed an increase in the relative abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Marvinbryantia<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In the damp\u2010heat diarrhea group, the levels of\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Marvinbryantia<\/jats:italic>\n                    were relatively low; however, these levels gradually increased after successful treatment. In contrast, in the cold\u2010damp diarrhea group, the trends of\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Marvinbryantia<\/jats:italic>\n                    were opposite. Mucosal color has the potential for clinical diagnosis of damp\u2010heat diarrhea and cold\u2010damp diarrhea. Moreover,\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Marvinbryantia<\/jats:italic>\n                    are potential biomarkers for distinguishing between damp\u2010heat diarrhea and cold\u2010damp diarrhea. However, the diagnostic basis and accuracy of\n                    <jats:italic>Lachnoclostridium<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Marvinbryantia<\/jats:italic>\n                    biomarkers still need to be further validated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T07:42:16Z","timestamp":1769067736000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Differentiating Damp\u2010Heat and Cold\u2010Damp Diarrhea in Rat Models via Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Short\u2010Chain Fatty Acid Profiling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine Gansu Agricultural University Lanzhou 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