{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T21:41:07Z","timestamp":1769636467854,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Clostridium tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a pathogenic bacterium that directly colonizes the gastrointestinal mucosa, causing inflammation and neutropenia. The virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms of\n                    <jats:italic>C. tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    are not well known. In this study,\n                    <jats:italic>C. tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    HGMC01 was isolated by enrichment culture of human feces, and its whole chromosome genome was sequenced without extra plasmids.\n                    <jats:italic>C. tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    HGMC01 had a larger genome and a higher gene count compared with five other\n                    <jats:italic>C. tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains. A pangenome analysis of six strains showed that\n                    <jats:italic>C. tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    HGMC01 had the highest number of unique genes and the lowest number of accessory genes clustered phylogenetically with\n                    <jats:italic>C. tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    src5, a strain of animal origin.\n                    <jats:italic>C. tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    HGMC01 genome showed a variety of secreted glycoside hydrolases and carbohydrate\u2010binding modules for mucin O\u2010glycan degradation and sialic acid catabolism including sialidase and sialic acid transporter. These genes strongly suggested that the strain could interact the human gut cells through recognition or adhesion to mucin glycans. Moreover, various mobile genetic elements in its genome also indicated the genetic diversity and plasticity of the strain to gain virulence factors and antibiotic\/multidrug\u2010resistant genes potentially acquired by horizontal gene transfer for the evolution of the pathogenicity. Additionally, experiments with human embryonic kidney cells revealed that components of\n                    <jats:italic>C. tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    HGMC01 cell wall may play roles as virulence factors by modulating cytokine signaling pathways dependent on Toll\u2010like receptors. Overall, this comparative genomic analysis provides information about how\n                    <jats:italic>C. tertium<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains cause disease through mucin glycan degradation, colonization, multidrug resistance, and modulation of immune responses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T09:55:36Z","timestamp":1763978136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Genomics and Virulence Mechanisms to Identify Genes Related to Mucin O\u2010Glycan Degradation and Pathogenicity in a Potentially Multidrug\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Clostridium tertium<\/i>\n                    Strain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Seonghun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeonbuk Branch Institute Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Jeongeup Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, KRIBB School of Biotechnology University of Science and Technology (UST) Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji Young","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeonbuk Branch Institute Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Jeongeup Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung\u2010Sook","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korean Collection for Type Cultures, Korea Research, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Jeongeup 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