{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:22:53Z","timestamp":1785255773398,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gut microbiota (GM) plays a pivotal role in human health and disease, and its alterations have been implicated in various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Growing evidence reveals correlations between the abundance of specific bacterial taxa and the severity of motor symptoms and intestinal dysfunction in PD. Moreover, bacterial metabolites have been shown to influence \u03b1\u2010synuclein (\u03b1\u2010syn) aggregation and neurodegeneration. This narrative review aims to explore the current understanding of the gut\u2010brain axis in PD, specifically the connection between GM and \u03b1\u2010syn function in PD experimental models and patients. Several therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating gut microbiota, such as dietary interventions, fecal microbiota transplantation, and targeted bacterial therapies with the goal of alleviating or preventing PD symptoms, are examined. Understanding the mechanisms through which GM influence neurodegeneration, including inflammation, immune modulation, and microbial metabolite production, offers promising avenues for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T08:46:19Z","timestamp":1764924379000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Narrative Review: Gut Microbiota and Its Impact on \u03b1\u2010syn Function in Parkinson's Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2165-8859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I. Daniel","family":"Salinas\u2010Velarde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Estado de M\u00e9xico  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Manuel","family":"Donaciano\u2010Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Estado de M\u00e9xico  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rigoberto","family":"Oros\u2010Pantoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Estado de M\u00e9xico  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4017-3753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 F\u00e9lix","family":"Aguirre\u2010Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana\u2010Lerma, Estado de M\u00e9xico  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5617-2253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rina Mar\u00eda","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana\u2010Lerma, Estado de M\u00e9xico  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacobo Esteban","family":"Mungu\u00eda\u2010Cervantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnolog\u00edas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional CDMX M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Modesto G\u00f3mez","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, Secci\u00f3n de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigaci\u00f3n CDMX M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Bustos\u2010Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Atenci\u00f3n a la Salud Universidad Aut\u00f3noma Metropolitana\u2010Xochimilco CDMX M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra Estela","family":"Soto\u2010Pi\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de M\u00e9xico, Estado de M\u00e9xico  M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/ELIFE.81453"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.103908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-019-0064-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.4c00106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.102088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15030282"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-19646-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.01041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.887407"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.108806"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2018.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/GUTJNL-2021-326023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06256-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.391191"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-02027-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.12.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11082042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2023.098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.882628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42826-023-00181-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-022-01175-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2276296"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S40035-022-00318-W\/FIGURES\/7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S40035-022-00318-W\/FIGURES\/7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00816-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.652617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29219-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.4c00095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.1022879"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2017.0202"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/SCIENCE.ADP6252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16193309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9758\/cpn.2022.20.2.389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.01032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00628-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00561-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.110828"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34667-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2106504118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0296424"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00398"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.70003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00441"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/MDS.29620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-023-04807-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2023.1099018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-021-03411-0"}],"container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70173","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mbo3.70173","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70173","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T09:01:20Z","timestamp":1769590880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mbo3.70173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mbo3.70173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mbo3.70173","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-8827","2045-8827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-8827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70173"}}