{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:54:38Z","timestamp":1773014078148,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Oral coinfections involving herpes simplex virus (HSV) and\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    can potentially interact and exacerbate each other. Starting from bibliographical investigation, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of some essential oils (EOs), and their commercial formulations, both against\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    and HSV\u20101, identifying their antimicrobial, anti\u2010inflammatory and allergenic potential. A preliminary review examined essential oils' efficacy against HSV\u20101. Broth microdilution tested 14 EOs, a commercial formulation (LA), and a homemade one (MIX) against three fungal strains. The quality of LA, MIX and single EOs was assessed by Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) sampling coupled with gas chromatography\u2010mass spectrometry (GC\u2010MS) analysis. To assess the allergenic activity of MIX, LA, and single EOs a Basophil Activation Test (BAT) was standardized. ELISA tests were done to evaluate the anti\u2010inflammatory activity. The bibliographic search highlighted seven EOs active against HSV\u20101. Four EOs showing strong antifungal activity were blended, following IFRA lip\u2010application limits, to create a formulation (MIX) for comparison with a commercial herpes treatment (LA). Formulations were active against HSV\u20101, able to modulate the expression of pro (TNF\u2010\u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>LA<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u221229.7% and TNF\u2010\u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>MIX<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u221233.6%) and anti\u2010inflammatory (IL\u20101\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>LA<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u221250.0% and IL\u20101\u03b2\n                    <jats:sub>MIX<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u221225.0%) cytokines and no allergenic. MIX reinforces target cells and blocks viral entry, while LA also limits intracellular replication. EO\u2010based formulations show promise for managing HSV\u20101 and Candida co\u2010infections, offering antiviral, antifungal, and anti\u2010inflammatory effects. BAT results indicate no basophil activation at tested concentrations, supporting their safety.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T08:12:28Z","timestamp":1768378348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy, Safety and Biological Characteristics of Formulation Based on Essential Oil Against Co\u2010Infections of Herpes Simplex Virus\u20101 and\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Maura","family":"Di Vito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome 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Avenue des Artisans Ghislemghien Belgium"},{"name":"Plant Biotechnology Research Unit Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margherita","family":"Cacaci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Torelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze di Laboratorio e Infettivologiche Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Roma Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9780-7059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Sanguinetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di Base, Cliniche 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