{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:34:53Z","timestamp":1788384893524,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diarrheagenic\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (DEC) is a leading cause of pediatric diarrhea, with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) complicating treatment. This study analyzed 350\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates (175 DEC and 175 non\u2010DEC) to determine molecular pathotypes, resistance patterns, and therapeutic targets. Polymerase chain reaction and 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing identified enteropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    as the most prevalent DEC pathotype (35%), followed by enterotoxigenic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (25%), enterohemorrhagic\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (15%), enteroinvasive\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (10%), and diffusely adherent\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (20%). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed distinct clustering between DEC and non\u2010DEC strains, revealing their evolutionary relationships. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed high resistance to ampicillin (87.6%), trimethoprim\u2010sulfamethoxazole (75.5%), and erythromycin (100%), while carbapenems and colistin retained effectiveness. Functional analysis using phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states (PICRUSt)\u00a0indicated enhanced metabolic and immune\u2010related functions in DEC strains, differentiating them from non\u2010DEC strains. Machine learning and bioinformatics\u2010driven drug discovery identified Alatamide and Isosativan as potential therapeutic compounds, exhibiting strong binding affinities and structural stability against DEC virulence targets through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. This study provides critical insights into the epidemiology, genetic diversity, and resistance patterns of DEC and non\u2010DEC strains. The integration of bioinformatics and machine learning offers a promising strategy for discovering alternative treatments. Continuous AMR surveillance, responsible antibiotic use, and further experimental validation of identified drug candidates are essential to managing\n                    <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010associated diarrheal infections in pediatric populations and mitigating the global burden of multidrug\u2010resistant pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T03:34:42Z","timestamp":1771817682000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Genomic Epidemiology and Machine Learning\u2013Based Drug Discovery for Antimicrobial Resistant Diarrheagenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ayesha","family":"Masood","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University College of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0570-6224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdu","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Yangling Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsin Gulzar","family":"Barq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Central Punjab (UCP) Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shazia","family":"Iqbal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Buckingham Buckingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Qasim","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department of Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3953-593X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahzad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences The University of Buckingham Buckingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Zeeshan Haider","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB) The University of Lahore Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31383\/ga.vol6iss1pp1-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526523666230725103902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-14939-2269-7_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-0416-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ram.2024.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-10-12"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"239","article-title":"Escherichia coli as a Global Pathogen","volume":"3","author":"Hassan A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Achievers Journal of Scientific Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Hess B. D. L. E.van derSpoel andE.Lindahl.2011. GROMACS Groningen Machine for Chemical Simulations.User Manual4 no. 4."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2023.20162028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46793\/ChemN3.1.171I"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000665"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.925454"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ojepi.2021.113018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs221610866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12203726"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbad120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54219\/fmb.01.2023.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2002.02769.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2016.00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11648\/j.avs.20190703.13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S360945"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Latin America","author":"Williams N. D.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1440134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioadv\/vbab003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.1018682"}],"container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70236","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mbo3.70236","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:40:54Z","timestamp":1773009654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mbo3.70236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mbo3.70236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mbo3.70236","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-8827","2045-8827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-8827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70236"}}