{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:47:21Z","timestamp":1782470841950,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health threat, intensified in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries by rampant antibiotic misuse in livestock and poultry. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of 537 farmers in Rangpur, Bangladesh, to identify drivers and pathways of high\u2010risk antimicrobial use (AMU). Data on demographics, farm characteristics, and AMR\u2010related KAP scores were collected, with disease treatments mapped to WHO AWaRe classifications. Logistic regression identified predictors of responsible practices, while additional analyses and visualizations explored patterns of antimicrobial use and misuse pathways. Results showed that 42.9% of antibiotic use was high\u2010risk, with nearly half of diseases treated using Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIAs) from the Watch or Reserve groups, intended primarily for human medicine. Colistin and ciprofloxacin, last\u2010resort drugs for human health, were commonly used for routine poultry diseases, raising serious public health concerns. Three misuse pathways emerged: (i) antibiotics applied to viral diseases, (ii) reliance on Watch\/Reserve antibiotics for bacterial infections, and (iii) antibiotic use for parasitic diseases. Paravets and veterinarians influenced 76.2% of prescribing decisions, underscoring their pivotal role. AMR training was associated with more responsible practices, yet high practice scores did not consistently align with knowledge or attitudes, revealing a gap between behavior and awareness. Immediate One Health stewardship interventions combining regulatory enforcement, improved diagnostics, and sweeping educational reform are essential to reduce AMR risks and safeguard public health in Bangladesh.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T03:31:42Z","timestamp":1778124702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding Responsible Antimicrobial Practices and Antimicrobial Resistance: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study of Farmers in Rangpur, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Anju Man","family":"Ara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutritional Science International Institute of Applied Science and Technology Rangpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farjana","family":"Boby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Wellington Academy; Commonwealth Shared Scholar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsin","family":"Taluckder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"One Health and Climate Smart Research Center International Institute of Applied Science and Technology Rangpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6895-7501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md.","family":"Shahiduzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.2713-2727"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21166"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1503141112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0276158"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10091032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gfs.2024.100761"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13213-025-01820-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10070784"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.576113"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2425564"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/vmi\/7253393"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0275856"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci8060111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00078"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40545-020-00212-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-20-00502"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-025-02181-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0308324"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0315246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2023.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"Antimicrobial Resistance","author":"WOAH","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2023. AWaRe Classification of Antibiotics for Evaluation and Monitoring of Use.https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-MHP-HPS-EML-2023.04."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-025-03970-0"}],"container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70308","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mbo3.70308","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:51:42Z","timestamp":1782467502000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mbo3.70308"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mbo3.70308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mbo3.70308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-8827","2045-8827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-8827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70308"}}