{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:19:44Z","timestamp":1792091984688,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":207,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The infectious diseases remain a primary cause of morbidity and mortality on a global level, a crisis exacerbated by the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The ineffectiveness of the old antibiotics and the stagnation of the development of new medications have triggered an emergency in the search for new methods of treatment. This review examines the opportunity of nanotechnology, which is the so\u2010called nanobiotics, as a game\u2010changing technology in combating multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) bacteria by searching various databases. Nanoparticles (NPs) are unique physicochemicals, i.e., high surface\u2010to\u2010volume ratio and multi\u2010valent properties that enable them to overcome traditional resistance, e.g., efflux pumps, target modifications. The paper discusses the important antibacterial processes, which can involve the induction of oxidative stress by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the physical destabilization of the bacterial cell envelope, or the targeting of intracellular macromolecules, such as DNA and proteins. Moreover, it emphasizes the synergistic nature of the interactions of NPs with traditional antibiotics to improve drug delivery and efficacy and decrease host toxicity. Although a wide range of nanomaterials, such as silver, gold, metal oxides, and carbon\u2010based structures, promise a lot, a lot of questions have been raised on their compatibility in the long term, their impact on the environment, and their legality. Nanotechnology, coupled with precision medicine and CRISPR\u2010based systems, is a promising future in dealing with infectious diseases. Finally, nanomedicine is a complex solution to address the shortcomings of existing treatments and achieve a future of world health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T03:31:01Z","timestamp":1780457461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nanoparticle\u2010Based Strategies to Combat Multidrug\u2010Resistant Bacteria: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1165-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akmal","family":"Zubair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syeda Zaira","family":"Batool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology Quaid\u2010i\u2010Azam University Islamabad  Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Helal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naila","family":"Afghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Kabul University Kabul Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_26_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S34341"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arabjc.2013.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pts.2864"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S234425"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2019.0342"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.201700493"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-18590-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.glmedi.2024.100081"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200216666150812124923"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-022-08149-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_26_12_1","first-page":"347","article-title":"Antimicrobial Effect of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on Some Oral Bacteria and Candida Species","volume":"4","author":"Amiri M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Dental Biomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-013-1970-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC105.62186225"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnsc.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00650-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/gps-2019-0025"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2211738505666170424121944"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2020.102250"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25122\/jml-2023-0404"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9050792"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_22_1","first-page":"2278","article-title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Porous Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles (CaO NPS)","volume":"2","author":"Balaganesh A. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11274-021-03187-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14656566.2020.1802427"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1680\/jbibn.22.00056"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813689-8.00007-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2014.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.04.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071984"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00534-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06513-11"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_26_32_1","article-title":"CaO Nanoparticles as a Potential Drug Delivery Agent for Biomedical Applications","volume":"10","author":"Butt A. R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Digest Journal of Nanomaterials & Biostructures (DJNB)"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-015-0120-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b03247"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-05389-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BA20090198"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33662"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2025.112339"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25173982"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.11.057"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_26_42_1","article-title":"Antimicrobial Properties of Copper Nanoparticles and Amino Acid Chelated Copper Nanoparticles Produced by Using a Soya Extract","volume":"2017","author":"DeAlba\u2010Montero I.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_26_43_1","article-title":"Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract of Lippia Adoensis (Koseret) and Evaluation of Its Antibacterial Activity","volume":"2020","author":"Demissie M. G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2009.01.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.7b01956"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/open.201600016"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)99204-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c00508"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dutt A. N.Saini A.Kalia P.Madan T.Srikanth andS.Talukdar.2024. \u201cBiocompatible Nanomaterials for Sustainable Biomedical Applications.\u201d in E3S Web of Conferences.","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202454703020"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10876-016-1101-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_52_1","first-page":"1749","article-title":"In Vitro and In Vivo Antimicrobial Activity of Combined Therapy of Silver Nanoparticles and Visible Blue Light Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"11","author":"El Din S. N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2017.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-021-10268-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119473"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00141-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2020.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e29726"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760802350904"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3654"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-011-3213-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/fsoa-2020-0189"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma14216319"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14214"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcsw.2023.100112"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17518253.2024.2412601"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/2024\/5417924"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2016.06.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32249-5"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_26_70_1","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Species\u2010Mediated Cytotoxicity in Liver Carcinoma Cells Induced by Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized Using Schinus","volume":"12","author":"Hailan W. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"molle Extract. Nanomaterials"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-14206-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15060682"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-016-0202-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100471"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11020413"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.16.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12132183"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.957698"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02652048.2020.1842528"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12162808"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NA00732H"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2021.118083"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-012-9218-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-024-01384-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la800951v"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201701406"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_89_1","unstructured":"Karaky N. The Use of Metal Ions and Graphene\u2010Based Compounds as Novel Antimicrobials Against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.2020 Manchester Metropolitan University."},{"key":"e_1_2_26_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2022.102237"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaim.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_92_1","volume-title":"Dendrimer\u2010based nanotherapeutics","author":"Kesharwani P.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26092462"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13091458"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00866-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2024.11.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-012-1063-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52673-w"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_26_101_1","first-page":"3645","article-title":"Antibacterial Activity of Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials: A Possible Weapon in the Fight Against Healthcare\u2010Associated Infections","volume":"27","author":"Lagan\u00e0 A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/15.3.443"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01153"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2015.1048686"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.9b00134"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/VIW.20230023"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es102624t"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/16\/9\/082"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn300934k"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2018.228"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2010.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/nn202451x"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00775-007-0208-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano14221830"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1825"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-0511-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_26_117_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Carbon\u2010Based Nanoparticles","volume":"5","author":"Maleki Dizaj S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-46078-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_119_1","volume-title":"Dendrimer Conjugates: Evaluation as Novel Anticancer Therapeutics","author":"Malik N.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof9100955"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040795"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EN00187K"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-1794"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06657-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327119899988"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00465"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58210-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4PM00032C"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/16\/10\/059"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymertesting.2022.107645"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16111615"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14112343"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2018.0304"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2442"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34567-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/jmsr.v7n3p22"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2019.1622552"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nwnano.2024.100052"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2015.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-022-03061-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00607"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-481X.2007.00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jfb15070194"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-00847-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_146_1","volume-title":"Artificial Cells, Cell Engineering and Therapy","author":"Prakash S.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.9b02615"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.106103"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30125-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S469724"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2016.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.6b00161"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885328216646910"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S109795"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c00848"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S387590"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jbn.2014.1848"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8110556"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr030067f"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jbnb.2010.11005"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)47160-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/704708"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/apb.2022.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1332635"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.7b00215"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25929"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioadv.2023.213440"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.926363"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2017.1362417"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-020-2054-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jnn.2014.9527"},{"issue":"2169","key":"e_1_2_26_173_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative Study on Antimicrobial Efficiency of AgSiO2, ZnAg, and Ag\u2010Zeolite for the Application of Fishery Plastic Container","volume":"4","author":"Singh S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Materials Sciences & Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-017-0308-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2004.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17458080.2010.547878"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02012-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2005.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2014.03.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.102001"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2024.1426179"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_183_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction to the Dendritic State","author":"Tomalia D.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dendrimers and other dendritic polymers"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-57333-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_185_1","first-page":"5361","article-title":"Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes: Biomedical Applications","volume":"7","author":"Vardharajula S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Nanomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-023-00491-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S121956"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-005-0414-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.81520"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2024.123617"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR08157H"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es101343c"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2020.1817053"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.327"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26113252"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TB00272A"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15082113"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la400500t"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja1028843"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201401035"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2017.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S74469"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.70024"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-18828-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-025-10702-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12977-025-00668-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_26_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-025-02149-z"}],"container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70318","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mbo3.70318","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mbo3.70318","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T09:56:47Z","timestamp":1782467807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mbo3.70318"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":207,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mbo3.70318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mbo3.70318","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2045-8827","2045-8827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2045-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"2045-8827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70318"}}