{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:48:11Z","timestamp":1782470891955,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    serovar Gallinarum\u2013Pullorum is a prevalent poultry\u2010borne pathogen that could facilitate the zoonotic transmission of multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) strains to humans, significantly contributing to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A total of 200 samples were collected from chickens of various flocks suspected of salmonellosis based on clinical diagnosis and isolation via standard bacteriological protocols, of which 138 tested positive for serovar Gallinarum\u2013Pullorum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each PCR\u2010positive sample's isolates were sent for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and each PCR\u2010positive sample's DNA samples were sent for PCR\u2010based resistance gene detection to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobials, MDR, and AMR status. Isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, amoxicillin\u2013clavulanic acid, and cephalexin at rates of 84.78%, 83.33%, and 81.78%, respectively. Conversely, amoxicillin (71.01% resistant) and tetracycline (73.91% resistant) showed the highest rates of resistance. The MDR group accounted for 123 isolates, translating to a commanding combined prevalence of 89.13%, and resistance peaked at four resistant agents, with an incidence of 31.16% (43). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) Index levels varied from 0.1 to 0.7. AML\u2010SXT\u2010TE\u2010NOR and AML\u2010SXT\u2010TE\u2010NOR\u2010ENR were the most commonly seen patterns, each occurring in five isolates (3.62%). The tetA (74.64%) and the sul1 (73.19%) were the most prevalent resistance genes, with the presence of blaCMY (71.01%), blaTEM (9.42%), blaCTX (7.97%), sul2 (55.80%), dfrA1 (37.68%), aph(3\u2032)\u2010IIa (42.03%), aac(3)\u2010VIa (5.80%), aadB (3.62%), floR (35.51%), gyrA (60.87%), and parC (47.83%) genes. This study reveals that\n                    <jats:italic>S. enterica<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibits high levels of AMR, manifesting in MDR phenotypes supported by a robust presence of resistance\u2010conferring genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T03:36:16Z","timestamp":1781148976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Landscape of\n                    <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n                    Serovar Gallinarum\u2013Pullorum Antimicrobial Resistance in Bangladesh's Poultry Industry: A Combined Phenotypic and Molecular Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1438-2820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Masuk Rahman","family":"Kingshuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9786-6491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanzida Binte","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Hygiene Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4820-8639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Shajedur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6556-3368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Nurnoby","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Obstetrics Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University Dinajpur Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl471"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1010174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/0-89603-064-4:43"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.2024.Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing(34th ed. 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