{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:46:58Z","timestamp":1782470818467,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of new methylene blue\u2010mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (NMB\u2010mediated aPDT) in combination with tigecycline and colistin against multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR)\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and to explore ROS production as a possible mechanism contributing to the enhanced antibacterial activity of the combined treatments. MIC determination, sublethal irradiation and aPDT assays, checkerboard analysis, and ROS detection were performed. MIC of NMB for this MDR strain was greater than 100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Under various radiation times, aPDT at 12.5\u2009\u03bcg\/mL NMB was considered a sublethal dose that represented with a reduction of 1.7\u20132.6\u2009log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    compared with control, and aPDT at 25 and 50\u2009\u03bcg\/mL were considered lethal doses that resulting in more reduction of bacterial counts to 3.23\u20134.3\u2009log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL and 2.92\u20134.0\u2009log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    CFU\/mL, respectively. The irradiated NMB at 25\u2009\u03bcg\/mL and tigecycline at 1\/4\u2009\u00d7\u2009MIC showed a synergistic interaction. In addition, multiple additive interactions were observed at other concentrations of NMB and tigecycline, as well as with colistin at sub\u2010MIC concentrations, and these findings were further confirmed by CFU counting. The increased production of ROS was effectively detected following aPDT alone and in combination of antibiotic with aPDT. These findings suggest that NMB\u2010mediated aPDT alone and in combination with colistin or tigecyclines can be a promising approach to eradicate infections associated with MDR\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and reduces the development of further antibiotic resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:43:09Z","timestamp":1782276189000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy With New Methylene Blue and Its Combined Effect With Antibiotics Against MDR\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Barat","family":"Barati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Technology Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences  Shoushtar 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 Behbahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atieh","family":"Darbandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Microbiology Research Center Shahed University  Tehran 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