{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:46:56Z","timestamp":1782470816153,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003392","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023J011834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J011834"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003392","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is a highly virulent marine pathogen responsible for severe infections, including necrotizing fasciitis and life\u2010threatening sepsis, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. This review synthesizes current knowledge on\n                    <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenesis, focusing on key virulence factors such as cytolysins (VvhA and MARTX), iron acquisition systems, and immune evasion strategies. The bacterium's ability to induce rapid tissue damage, endothelial dysfunction, and systemic inflammation\u2014mediated through cytokine storms and necroptosis\u2014underpins\n                    <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    high mortality rates. Risk factors include chronic liver disease, diabetes, and environmental exposure to seafood harboring\n                    <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    or brackish water. Clinical management hinges on early diagnosis, prompt antibiotic therapy (e.g., doxycycline combined with third\u2010generation cephalosporins), and surgical intervention for necrotizing infections. Despite advances, challenges persist, including antibiotic resistance and delayed diagnosis. Future directions emphasize novel therapeutics targeting virulence mechanisms, rapid diagnostics, and climate\u2010adaptive public health strategies to curb the rising incidence of\n                    <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections in warming coastal ecosystems. This review underscores the urgent need for multidisciplinary approaches to mitigate the global burden of this formidable pathogen.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T07:11:21Z","timestamp":1782112281000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pathogenic Mechanisms of\n                    <i>V. vulnificus<\/i>\n                    and Its Role in the Development of Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9092-7104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongying","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology the 909th Hospital, School of Medicine Xiamen University Zhangzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianzhong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology the 909th Hospital, School of Medicine Xiamen University Zhangzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology General Hospital of Xizang Military Command Lhasa Tibet China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology the 909th Hospital, School of Medicine Xiamen University Zhangzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology the 909th Hospital, School of Medicine Xiamen University Zhangzhou Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianzhong","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Universities and Colleges Engineering Research Center of Marine Biopharmaceutical Resources, Xiamen Medical College Xiamen Fujian China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology Army Medical University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology Army Medical University Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China Chongqing China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijppaw.2019.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1743540"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0005-8"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","first-page":"539","article-title":"Vibrio Vulnificus Infection: Diagnosis and Treatment","volume":"76","author":"Bross M. 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