{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T10:46:39Z","timestamp":1782470799203,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Inoculum preparation of\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates is a critical step for the reproducibility of drug susceptibility tests (DST) and the prevention of false results. In this study, we investigated the effect of increasing inoculum sizes of\n                      <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates on DST. For this purpose, primary drug susceptibilities of five ATCC strains and 24\n                      <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were determined by the proportion method on 7H10 agar using six different inoculum sizes (10\n                      <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                      dilution of McFarland no 1 as reference inoculum and McFarland no 0.5\u20101\u20102\u20103\u20104). Among the tested isolates (including ATCC strain), 22 of them had DST results at increasing inoculum sizes that were 100% consistent with DST results in the reference inoculum and MGIT\u2010960. For alone streptomycin (STR), in seven isolates tested, DST results at increasing inoculum sizes were 100% consistent with MGIT\u2010960 results but were inconsistent with results determined with the reference inoculum. These isolates were found to be susceptible to STR with reference inoculum, but resistant to STR in MGIT\u2010960 and increasing inoculum sizes. Our study reveals that inoculum size does not affect DST results of\n                      <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; on the contrary, increasing the inoculum may have positive results for some antibiotics, such as STR.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70345","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:41:29Z","timestamp":1782276089000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Increased Inoculum Size on Drug Susceptibility of\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    : Challenges in Reliable Drug Resistance Detection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Kubra","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Tuberculosis Research Unit Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences Akdeniz University Antalya  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cemilenur","family":"Atas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Tuberculosis Research Unit Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences Akdeniz University Antalya  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ece","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Tuberculosis Research Unit Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences Akdeniz University Antalya  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mir Pooya Salehi","family":"Moharer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Akdeniz Sifa Hospital  Antalya Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meltem","family":"Uzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul Medical School Istanbul University  Capa Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8815-6063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet Yilmaz","family":"Coban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences Research Laboratory, Tuberculosis Research Unit Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences Akdeniz University  Antalya Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Health Sciences Akdeniz University Antalya  Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Etest Technical Booklet for Mycobacterium tuberculosis","author":"Biodisk A. B.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03551.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.01562"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00721-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.1995. Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Testing forMycobacterium tuberculosis; Tentative Standard M24\u2010T. Wayne PA USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.2018. Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacteria Nocardia spp. and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes M24. Wayne PA USA."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760150136"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0021-2016"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"986","article-title":"Multicentre Evaluation of an Automated BACTEC 960 System for Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis","volume":"11","author":"Giampaglia C. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease: the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.28625-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1317580111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-26419-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"The Influence of the Size of Inoculum on Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"72","author":"Kenney M.","year":"1955","journal-title":"American Review of Tuberculosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00111304"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.3976-3979.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.05.00075704"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01698.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20210615"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","first-page":"484","article-title":"Comparison of Two Solid Media for Testing Sensitivity to Streptomycin","volume":"62","author":"Robinson J. H.","year":"1950","journal-title":"American Review of Tuberculosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.659545"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"Factors Affecting the Sensitivity in Vitro of Tubercle Bacilli to Streptomycin","volume":"59","author":"Williston E. H.","year":"1949","journal-title":"American Review of Tuberculosis"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","volume-title":"Technical Manual for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Medicines Used in the Treatment of Tuberculosis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2021.Technical Report on Critical Concentrations for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Isoniazid and the Rifamycins (Rifampicin Rifabutin and Rifapentine).Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00319-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"The Effect of Streptomycin in Vitro on M. Tuberculosis Var","volume":"19","author":"Youmans G. P.","year":"1945","journal-title":"Hominis. 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