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However, the rising trend of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of hypervirulent lineages highlight the need for complementary, innovative prophylactic strategies. This study aimed to characterize the resistance and virulence repertoire of colonizing GBS isolates and to assess the antagonistic potential of selected\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains under conditions mimicking the vaginal niche. We performed integrated phenotypic, genotypic, and functional analysis of 31 clinical GBS isolates collected during routine pre\u2010partum screening, focusing on antimicrobial susceptibility, hemolytic and aggregation phenotypes, capsular serotypes, pilus island profiles, and virulence genes. The collection included MDR isolates, strains exhibiting inducible clindamycin resistance and high\u2010level gentamicin resistance, as well as hypervirulent ST\u201017 related lineages, with marked heterogeneity in \u03b2\u2010hemolytic activity and aggregation phenotypes linked to specific combinations of capsule, pilus, and virulence genes. In co\u2010culture experiments with HeLa cells, individual\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains exerted strong, strain\u2010dependent inhibition of GBS, preserving epithelial cell viability, and impairing pathogen adhesion by up to 98%. Importantly, the multi\u2010strain\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    combination provided broader and more consistent antagonistic activity, including against MDR, inducible clindamycin\u2010resistant, hypervirulent ST\u201017\u2010associated, and strongly hemolytic GBS isolates. Although these findings are preliminary, being derived from a limited number of isolates and an in vitro model, they support the promising potential of rationally selected multi\u2010strain\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    formulations as a strategy to reduce colonization by high\u2010risk GBS lineages and warrant further investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:31:24Z","timestamp":1782279084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Facing Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence in\n                    <i>Streptococcus agalactiae<\/i>\n                    During Late Pregnancy: Evaluation of\n                    <i>Lactobacilli<\/i>\n                    as a Supportive Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Astri D.","family":"Tagueha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8317-5083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Radocchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, Health, and Health Professions Link Campus University Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2901-265X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Scribano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Lo 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