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However, the mitogenomes of many microbial eukaryotes remain underexplored due to challenges in their isolation and cultivation. Particularly understudied are Foraminifera (Rhizaria, SAR), unicellular calcifiers that are widely distributed across global oceans and important paleoenvironmental proxies. Using single\u2010cell genomic sequencing, we report a 22\u2010kb mitogenome from a planktonic foraminiferan in tropical seawater, the smallest known to date among sequenced mitogenomes of Rhizaria, a major lineage of eukaryotes. It contains only six protein\u2010coding genes (including reduced versions of\n                    <jats:italic>nad1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>cox2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and fragmented ribosomal RNA genes, and has lost most genes in oxidative phosphorylation and all genes encoding mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. Such genome reduction is associated with accelerated evolutionary rates and a lower GC content than that of benthic foraminiferan and other rhizarian mitogenomes. These findings highlight a unique trajectory of mitogenome reduction during rhizarian evolution and the use of single\u2010cell approaches to recover microbial eukaryotic genomes and expand our understanding of mitochondrial evolution.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T12:38:00Z","timestamp":1785415080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondrial Genome Reduction and Accelerated Evolution in Planktonic Foraminiferans"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hsin\u2010Tung","family":"Lai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology National Taiwan University Taipei 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