{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T08:21:17Z","timestamp":1787732477675,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Antimicrobial\u2010resistant\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n is a major clinical threat in Pakistan and the wider South Asian region, where genomic surveillance remains limited. We analyzed 122 publicly available human clinical\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n whole\u2010genome sequencing datasets from Pakistan to define lineage structure, antimicrobial\u2010resistance determinants, virulence\u2010associated loci, surface\u2010antigen profiles, plasmid replicons, and genomic relatedness.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Reads were extracted, quality\u2010filtered and assembled de novo, and assembly quality was assessed. Assemblies were characterized using Kleborate and ABRicate with the PlasmidFinder database. Trimmed reads were mapped to the\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n MGH 78578 reference genome, and high\u2010confidence biallelic SNPs (QUAL\u2009\u2265\u200930; per\u2010isolate depth \u2265\u200910) were used to calculate pairwise genomic distances.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The cohort contained 23 sequence types and was dominated by ST15 (41\/122, 33.61%), followed by ST48 (17\/122, 13.93%), ST336 (11\/122, 9.02%), ST711 (7\/122, 5.74%), and ST3805 (7\/122, 5.74%). Acquired resistance profiling detected 48 distinct antimicrobial\u2010resistance genes.\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX\u2010M\u201015<\/jats:sub>\n was present in 121 isolates (99.18%),\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VEB\u20105<\/jats:sub>\n in 45 (36.89%), and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n in 16 (13.11%).\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n \u2010positive isolates occurred in four principal ST\/capsule\/O\u2010locus backgrounds. Yersiniabactin and aerobactin loci were detected in 48 (39.34%) and 43 (35.25%) isolates, respectively; 43 isolates had a Kleborate virulence score \u2265\u20093, whereas colibactin and\n rmpADC<\/jats:italic>\n were not detected. IncFIB(K)_1_Kpn3 was the most frequent plasmid replicon marker (101\/122, 82.79%). Analysis of 169,220 high\u2010confidence biallelic SNP sites yielded 7381 pairwise comparisons, with a median distance of 30,224 SNPs and no pairs differing by \u2264\u200910 SNPs.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The cohort showed broad genomic diversity, near\u2010universal\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX\u2010M\u201015<\/jats:sub>\n carriage, lineage\u2010structured\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n backgrounds, frequent siderophore\u2010associated virulence loci, and distinct plasmid\u2010replicon profiles. The findings support multiple co\u2010circulating multidrug\u2010resistant genomic backgrounds rather than a single clonal expansion and provide a reference point for genomic surveillance in Pakistan.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T05:19:05Z","timestamp":1787548745000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic Epidemiology of Multidrug\u2010Resistant Clinical\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n From Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hakeem","family":"Zada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Qasim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mubashir","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9004-6384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Naveed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat 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