{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:17:16Z","timestamp":1788239836947,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004160","name":"Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19934"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19934"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004160","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Given the critical role of the\n                      <jats:italic>bap<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene in biofilm formation of\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of green\u2010synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from\n                      <jats:italic>Nepeta pogonosperma<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Astrodaucus persicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Boiss) in reducing the expression of this gene and inhibiting biofilm production in clinical isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      . AgNPs were synthesized using the leaf extracts of the plants and characterized using standard techniques. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the AgNPs was determined by the microbroth dilution method. Biofilm production and the anti\u2010biofilm effects of the nanoparticles were assessed using a microtiter plate assay. Quantitative real\u2010time PCR was employed to evaluate\n                      <jats:italic>bap<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression levels before and after treatment with the AgNPs. The AgNPs significantly inhibited biofilm formation in\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Furthermore, a marked reduction in\n                      <jats:italic>bap<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression was observed following treatment. Moreover, 90% and 10% of the isolates showed up to 60% and 61%\u201380% of biofilm disruption after treatment with\n                      <jats:italic>A. persicus<\/jats:italic>\n                      AgNP, respectively. In addition, 80%, 15%, and 5% of the isolates showed up to 60%, 61%\u201380%, and more than 80% of biofilm disruption after treatment with\n                      <jats:italic>N. pogonosperma<\/jats:italic>\n                      AgNP, respectively. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles represent a promising strategy to counteract antimicrobial resistance. The AgNPs investigated in this study demonstrated significant potential in inhibiting biofilm formation and reducing\n                      <jats:italic>bap<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene expression in strong biofilm\u2010producing clinical isolates of\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize the clinical application of these nanoparticles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70391","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:31:17Z","timestamp":1788237077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Green\u2010Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles From\n                    <i>Nepeta pogonosperma<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Astrodaucus persicus<\/i>\n                    on the Reduction of\n                    <i>Bap<\/i>\n                    Gene Expression in Strong Biofilm\u2010Producing\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    Clinical Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1113-2338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maedeh","family":"Kakavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Gholami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7040-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ahanjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8769-9912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Ebrahimzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0549-1788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abolfazl","family":"Hossein Nataj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2505-370X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahoora","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2932-1911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Goli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunogenetics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"},{"name":"Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Faculty of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6676555","article-title":"Antibacterial Effects of Green\u2010Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Ferula Asafoetida Against Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated From the Hospital Environment and Assessment of Their Cytotoxicity on the Human Cell Lines","volume":"2021","author":"Abootalebi S. 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