{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:17:57Z","timestamp":1788412677838,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Multidrug\u2010resistant members of the\n                    <jats:italic>Enterobacter cloacae complex<\/jats:italic>\n                    (ECC) are increasingly linked to difficult\u2010to\u2010treat infections and biofilm\u2010mediated antimicrobial tolerance. Here, two lytic phages, vB_EhoIP_HHH and vB_EluM_RZH, displaying podovirus\u2010like and myovirus\u2010like morphology, respectively, were isolated from the River Chelt. HHH has a 39,582\u2009bp genome (51.2% GC, 63 ORFs), while RZH has a 174,197\u2009bp genome (39.4% GC, 314 ORFs), with neither genome carrying antimicrobial resistance, virulence or lysogeny\u2010associated genes. VIRIDIC and VICTOR analyses placed HHH within Kayfunavirus and RZH within Karamvirus, supporting their classification as distinct species. Both phages demonstrated rapid adsorption, short latent periods and stability across physiological pH and temperature ranges. A phage cocktail targeting MDR ECC strain was evaluated with EDTA against established biofilms. Crystal violet assays showed the greatest biomass reduction at MOI 10 with 0.5\u20130.75\u2009mM EDTA. Bliss independence analysis revealed localized synergy within this window but significant overall antagonism at higher EDTA concentrations. CFU enumeration confirmed greater activity against 24\u2009h than 48\u2009h biofilms. The optimized combination also reduced recoverable bacteria in a fibroblast infection model while maintaining low LDH release. These findings identify two novel lytic Enterobacter phages and support a narrow EDTA concentration window for enhanced phage\u2010mediated antibiofilm activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:00:26Z","timestamp":1788411626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic and Phenotypic Characterization of Two Novel Enterobacter Phages With EDTA\u2010Enhanced Antibiofilm Activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-1768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kashif","family":"Haq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, School of Health Sciences Birmingham City University Birmingham 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