{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:07:22Z","timestamp":1788869242432,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AL 1179\/5\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AL 1179\/5\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CI 263\/3\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CI 263\/3\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WE7745\/1\u20101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WE7745\/1\u20101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study aimed to analyse antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial isolates from subgingival biofilms of patients with periodontitis and supragingival biofilms of orally healthy individuals, and to explore the association between biofilm\u2010forming capacity and AMR. Three hundred and forty\u2010seven bacterial isolates from 44 patients were analysed. Bacterial isolates were obtained from subgingival\/supragingival biofilm and identified using MALDI\u2010TOF mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by the Kirby\u2010Bauer test, the E\u2010test, and a \u03b2\u2010lactamase activity assay, and biofilm formation capacity was assessed using the gentian violet assay. The 44 participants (median age 28.0 [25.0; 55.0]) were stratified into untreated generalised stage III\/IV periodontitis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 21) and orally healthy (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 23) groups. Among 347 isolates, 74.4% formed biofilms. AMR was generally higher in isolates from orally healthy subjects (77.7% vs. 59.1% in periodontitis patients,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) and females (73.2% vs. 60.6% in males,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026). Multivariate binary logistic mixed models linked biofilm formation to AMR (OR: 1.66 CI: [1.12, 2.49];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.045 for severe biofilm formers and OR: 1.93 CI: [1.31, 2.83];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004 for moderate biofilm formers). Phenotypic antimicrobial resistance was thus commonly detected throughout the cohort and was at least as frequent in orally healthy participants as in patients with periodontitis. Because the orally healthy group was substantially younger, this contrast is confounded by age and smoking and cannot be interpreted as an independent effect of periodontal status. Furthermore, this study might indicate that biofilm\u2010forming isolates may exhibit increased antibiotic resistance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T11:13:26Z","timestamp":1788866006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm\u2010Forming Capacity of Oral Biofilm Bacteria in Patients With Periodontitis and Healthy Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8498-0736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nils","family":"Werner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Digital Dentistry LMU University Hospital, LMU Medizin, LMU Munich Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Sch\u00f6ffel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice Poing Germany"},{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center &amp; Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Wittmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center &amp; Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Pelz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-2203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirstin","family":"Vach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine Medical Center \u2010 University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Data Science Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development Eberswalde Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9875-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cornelia","family":"Frese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"von Ohle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen T\u00fcbingen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3353-9355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diana","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry, Clinic for Oral, Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases University Hospital Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1750-7380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabian","family":"Cieplik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center &amp; Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-599X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Al\u2010Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center &amp; Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80937-3","article-title":"The Impact of Smoking Different Tobacco Types on the Subgingival Microbiome and Periodontal Health: A Pilot Study","volume":"11","author":"Al Kawas S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2013.07.023","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance and Capacity for Biofilm Formation of Different Bacteria Isolated From Endodontic Infections Associated With Root\u2010Filled Teeth","volume":"40","author":"Al\u2010Ahmad A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Endodontics"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2008.02.014","article-title":"Effects of Commonly Used Food Preservatives on Biofilm Formation of Streptococcus mutans In Vitro","volume":"53","author":"Al\u2010Ahmad A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Archives of Oral Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9928238","article-title":"MALDI\u2010TOF Mass Spectroscopy Applications in Clinical Microbiology","volume":"2021","author":"Alizadeh M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104922","article-title":"Phenotypic and Genotypic Characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii Enrolled in the Relationship Among Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Motility","volume":"155","author":"Al\u2010Shamiri M. 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