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Recent findings of bat\u2010specific tEPEC in two Australian bat species (\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus poliocephalus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus conspicillatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) revealed that these\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. are also tEPEC hosts. tEPEC pathogenicity is associated with key virulence factors including intimin (\n                    <jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and the bundle\u2010forming pilus (\n                    <jats:italic>bfp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) operon, which contains the\n                    <jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene. This study characterised 63 tEPEC isolates from five Australian\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.; four from mainland Australia (\n                    <jats:italic>P. poliocephalus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>P. conspicillatus, P. alecto<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>P. scapulatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and one from Christmas Island (\n                    <jats:italic>P. natalis)<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The 63 tEPEC isolates included 10 novel tEPEC strains and eight previously identified\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    tEPEC strains. Faecal DNA samples (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009386) from the five Australian\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were screened for\n                    <jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes to identify tEPEC\u2010positive samples. The estimated true prevalence of tEPEC ranged from 14.2% to 37.0% across the five\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. Typing of 119\n                    <jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleles (63 tEPEC isolates and 56 faecal DNA samples) from the five\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. identified 27\n                    <jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    allele types, 24 of which belonged to bat\u2010specific\n                    <jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    lineages. Bat\u2010specific\n                    <jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    alleles were shared between tEPEC strains,\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and across regions, including the geographically isolated\n                    <jats:italic>P. natalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    endemic to Christmas Island. This study reveals that diverse bat\u2010specific tEPEC strains and\n                    <jats:italic>bfpA<\/jats:italic>\n                    types have evolved in\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and have been circulating among populations for an extensive period, thereby confirming that all Australian\n                    <jats:italic>Pteropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. are natural tEPEC hosts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T05:03:11Z","timestamp":1788843791000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterisation of Typical Enteropathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    (tEPEC) and\n                    <i>bfpA<\/i>\n                    Genes From Five Bat Species Reveals Australian\n                    <i>Pteropus<\/i>\n                    Spp. Are Natural tEPEC Hosts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8669-9702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona K.","family":"McDougall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3996-5585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura A.","family":"Pulscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1746-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wayne S. J.","family":"Boardman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, College of Sciences Adelaide University Adelaide South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9828-538X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karrie","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Registry of Wildlife Health Taronga Conservation Society Australia Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1189-3548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariel","family":"Fulham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3160-4301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01036-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-5-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-017-6523-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.41.3.1225-1234.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2006005000043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02653-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2019.106705"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.10.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2018.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02975"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(00)01153-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2015.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00275-07"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","unstructured":"IUCN. 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