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This study investigated the antifungal and antibiofilm activity of PMs derived from\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    GG (LGG) and\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/jats:italic>\n                    (LR) against\n                    <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an opportunistic pathogen implicated in oral infections. PMs were prepared from LGG and LR cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) against\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    were determined using broth microdilution and colony\u2010forming unit (CFU) counts. Antibiofilm activity at sub\u2010MIC concentrations was evaluated by assessing metabolic activity (XTT assay) and biofilm architecture (scanning electron microscopy, SEM). The MIC and MFC of PMs from both LGG and LR were 25% (v\/v). Both PMs significantly reduced the metabolic activity of\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilms as measured by the XTT assay (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.002); however, a statistically significant reduction in viable biofilm counts was observed only with LGG PMs (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.0038), whereas LR PMs showed a non\u2010significant reduction (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.1537). SEM showed marked changes in biofilm architecture. PMs from LGG and LR showed in vitro antifungal activity against\n                    <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with both preparations suppressing biofilm metabolic activity and LGG PMs additionally producing a statistically significant reduction in viable biofilm counts. These findings support further investigation of\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010derived PMs as candidate adjunctive antifungal approaches; however, validation in clinical and antifungal\u2010resistant isolates, chemical and mechanistic characterization, cytotoxicity testing, and in vivo studies are required before clinical application.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.70439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T04:37:38Z","timestamp":1791779858000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antifungal Activity Assessment of Postbiotic Mediators Derived From\n                    <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/i>\n                    GG and\n                    <i>Lactobacillus reuteri<\/i>\n                    Against\n                    <i>Candida albicans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6056-0059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Amirinia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1715-0198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Banakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Yazd Iran"},{"name":"Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3634-7992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojgan","family":"Alaeddini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2548-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahroo","family":"Etemad\u2010Moghadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Pourhajibagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental Research Center, Dental Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Noori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Water Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastric and Liver Disease Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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