{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:11:35Z","timestamp":1790107895892,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541721600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]],"date-time":"2018-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541721600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007537","name":"Agricultural Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007537","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Management and disposal of pig farm seepage constitute a serious environmental challenge, and seepage discharge from agricultural waste\u2010water is considered to be one of the greatest contributors of organic substances, bacterial pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes into the environment. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of bacteriological pollution and to identify the resident antibiotic\u2010resistant genes of culturable bacteria from a studied pig farm seepage. Enumeration of the viable bacterial cell of plated bacteria suspensions (10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0cfu\/mL) was performed; also, identification of pure bacterial colonies was done using an API 20E bacterial identification kit. CLSI guidelines for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were adopted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility\/resistance of the cultured bacterial isolates. Identification of resident\u2010resistant genes was done using molecular biology procedures. The results on viable cells in seepage samples ranged from 4.30\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    to 1.29\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>9\u00a0<\/jats:sup>\n                    cfu\/mL.\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas luteola, Enterococcus vulneris, Salmonella choleraesuis<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp\n                    <jats:italic>arizonae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabillis<\/jats:italic>\n                    etc. were isolated from the pig farm soil samples. Almost all of the cultured isolates were resistant to Penicillin G, Vancomycin, Oxytetracycline, Spectinomycin, and Lincomycin. The most frequent resistant genes detected in the isolates were\n                    <jats:italic>Van A, Van B, InuA, aph<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>3\u201d<\/jats:italic>\n                    )\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      \u2010llla, bla\n                      <jats:sub>TEM,<\/jats:sub>\n                      Otr A,\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Otr B<\/jats:italic>\n                    . It was inferred from the study that Pig farm seepage has the ability to cause bacterial pollution that may negatively impact the natural environment, by introducing bacteria pathogens that harbor antibiotic\u2010resistant genes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.737","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,10]],"date-time":"2018-11-10T00:59:12Z","timestamp":1541811552000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Analysis of bacteriological pollution and the detection of antibiotic resistance genes of prevailing bacteria emanating from pig farm seepage"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0480-4965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dikonketso Shirley\u2010may","family":"Matjuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro intestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Agricultural Research Council\u2010 Animal Production Irene South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olayinka Ayobami","family":"Aiyegoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastro intestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Agricultural Research Council\u2010 Animal Production Irene South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.319"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"281","article-title":"Microbiological evaluation of the Mhlathuze River, Kwazulu\u2010Natal (RSA)","volume":"28","author":"Bezuidenhout C. 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