{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:21:58Z","timestamp":1778858518192,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI068659"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI068659"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AI40588"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI40588"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MicrobiologyOpen"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>B<\/jats:styled-content>acteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic> is the most frequent opportunistic pathogen isolated from anaerobic infections. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the genetic and molecular aspects of gene expression of its virulence factors during extra\u2010intestinal infections. A potential virulence factor that has received little attention is the ability of B<\/jats:styled-content>. fragilis<\/jats:italic> to produce hemolysins. In this study, an implanted perforated table tennis \u201cping\u2010pong\u201d ball was used as an intra\u2010abdominal artificial abscess model in the rat. This procedure provided sufficient infected exudate for gene expression studies in vivo. Real\u2010time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PCR<\/jats:styled-content>) was used to quantify the relative expression of hlyA<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, hlyB<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, hlyC<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, hlyD<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, hlyE<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, hlyF<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, hlyG<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content>, and hlyIII<\/jats:italic> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>s. The hlyA<\/jats:italic> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> was induced approximately sixfold after 4\u00a0days postinfection compared with the mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels in the inoculum culture prior to infection. The hlyB<\/jats:italic> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> increased approximately sixfold after 4\u00a0days and 12\u2010fold after 8\u00a0days postinfection. Expression of hlyC<\/jats:italic> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> increased sixfold after 1\u00a0day, 45\u2010fold after 4\u00a0days, and 16\u2010fold after 8\u00a0days postinfection, respectively. The hlyD<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and hlyE<\/jats:italic> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content>s were induced approximately 40\u2010fold and 30\u2010fold, respectively, after 4\u2010days postinfection. The hlyF<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> expression increased approximately threefold after 4\u2010days postinfection. hlyG<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> was induced approximately fivefold after 4 and 8\u00a0days postinfection. The hlyIII<\/jats:italic> mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels had a steady increase of approximately four\u2010, eight\u2010, and 12\u2010fold following 1, 4, and 8\u00a0days postinfection, respectively. These findings suggest that B<\/jats:styled-content>. fragilis<\/jats:italic> hemolysins are induced and differentially regulated in vivo. Both parent and hlyBA<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> mutant strains reached levels of approximately 3\u20138\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109<\/jats:sup> cfu\/mL after 1\u00a0day postinfection. However, the hlyBA<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> mutant strain lost 2 logs in viable cell counts compared with the parent strain after 8\u00a0days postinfection. This is the first study showing HlyBA is a virulence factor which plays a role in B<\/jats:styled-content>. fragilis<\/jats:italic> survival in an intra\u2010abdominal abscess model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.76","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T10:41:51Z","timestamp":1361875311000},"page":"326-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Expression of B<\/scp>acteroides fragilis<\/i> hemolysins in vivo and role of HlyBA in an intra\u2010abdominal infection model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Leandro A.","family":"Lobo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine Greenville North Carolina"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology Institute of Microbiology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey L.","family":"Jenkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Medicine East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Jeffrey Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edson R.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology East Carolina University Brody School of Medicine Greenville North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2006.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407076101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.2878-2884.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-1079-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01407.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-70351-5_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408419109113511"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","first-page":"360","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Bacteroides fragilis group","volume":"19","author":"Brook I.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann. 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