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These spaceflight missions require astronauts to stay on the space station for more than 6\u00a0months, and they inevitably carry microbes into the space environment. It is known that the space environment affects microbial behavior, including growth rate, biofilm formation, virulence, drug resistance, and metabolism. However, the mechanisms of these alternations have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is beneficial to monitor microorganisms for preventing infections among astronauts in a space environment.\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a Gram\u2010negative bacterial pathogen that commonly causes acute gastroenteritis in humans. In this study, to better understand the effects of the space environment on\n                    <jats:italic>S. enteritidis,<\/jats:italic>\n                    a\n                    <jats:italic>S. enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain was taken into space by the Shenzhou\u201011 spacecraft from 17 October 2016 to 18 November 2016, and a ground simulation with similar temperature conditions was simultaneously performed as a control. It was found that the flight strain displayed an increased growth rate, enhanced amikacin resistance, and some metabolism alterations compared with the ground strain. Enrichment analysis of proteome revealed that the increased growth rate might be associated with differentially expressed proteins involved in transmembrane transport and energy production and conversion assembly. A combined transcriptome and proteome analysis showed that the amikacin resistance was due to the downregulation of the\n                    <jats:italic>oppA<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene and oligopeptide transporter protein OppA. In conclusion, this study is the first systematic analysis of the phenotypic, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic variations in\n                    <jats:italic>S. enteritidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    during spaceflight and will provide beneficial insights for future studies on space microbiology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]],"date-time":"2019-03-25T22:43:10Z","timestamp":1553553790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Increased growth rate and amikacin resistance of\n                    <i>Salmonella enteritidis<\/i>\n                    after one\u2010month spaceflight on China\u2019s Shenzhou\u201011 spacecraft"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-8336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University School of Medicine Tianjin China"},{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Department The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Department The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China"},{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Department PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7606-3428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Department The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Department The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuelin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Department The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diangeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Department The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changting","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nankai University School of Medicine Tianjin China"},{"name":"Respiratory Diseases Department The Second Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762005000700020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-5-409"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.91361.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npjmgrav.2016.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2006.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr800982s"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02881678"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00175-11"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Dysbiosis and immune dysregulation in outer space","volume":"35","author":"Cervantes J. 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