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Digestates obtained after anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure are usually spread on agricultural land; however, their hygiene status regarding pathogens posing public health and\/or animal health challenges has been poorly characterized up to now in France. In this study, three replicates of manure and digestate were collected from five farm biogas plants receiving animal manure in order to assess the occurrence and concentrations of sporulating (<jats:italic>Clostridium botulinum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridioides difficile<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic>) and nonsporulating (<jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>, thermotolerant <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic> spp., <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, enterococci) bacteria. Concentrations of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>, enterococci, and <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic> in digestates ranged from 10<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>, 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>, and &lt;10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> to 7\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\u00a0CFU\/g, respectively. <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. difficile<\/jats:italic> were detected in manure and digestate from the five biogas plants at concentrations ranging from &lt;1.3 to &gt;7\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0MPN\/g and from 1.3 to 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0MPN\/g, respectively. Thermotolerant <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>, detected in all the manures, was only found in two digestates at a concentration of cells ranging from &lt;10 to 2.6\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0CFU\/g. <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> were detected in three manures and four digestates. The bacterial counts of <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> did not exceed 3\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> and 14\u00a0MPN\/g, respectively. <jats:italic>C. botulinum<\/jats:italic> type B was detected at very low level in both the manure and digestate of farm biogas plants with no botulism history. The levels of pathogenic bacteria in both manure and digestate suggested that some bacteria can persist throughout AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T05:36:03Z","timestamp":1569908163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Evaluation of the occurrence of sporulating and nonsporulating pathogenic bacteria in manure and in digestate of five agricultural biogas plants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1970-3801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Le Mar\u00e9chal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9 Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit Bretagne\u2010Loire University Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Druilhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPAALE Research Unit (Optimization of Processes in Agriculture, Agri\u2010Food and Environment) IRSTEA, Bretagne\u2010Loire University Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Rep\u00e9rant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9 Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit Bretagne\u2010Loire University Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyne","family":"Boscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9 Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit Bretagne\u2010Loire University Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Rouxel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9 Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit Bretagne\u2010Loire University Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Le Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPAALE Research Unit (Optimization of Processes in Agriculture, Agri\u2010Food and Environment) IRSTEA, Bretagne\u2010Loire University Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Typhaine","family":"Po\u00ebz\u00e9vara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9 Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit Bretagne\u2010Loire University Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Ziebal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPAALE Research Unit (Optimization of Processes in Agriculture, Agri\u2010Food and Environment) IRSTEA, Bretagne\u2010Loire University Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Houdayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9 Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit Bretagne\u2010Loire University Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00e9reng\u00e8re","family":"Nagard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9 Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit Bretagne\u2010Loire University Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric","family":"Barbut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for <i>Clostridioides<\/i><i> difficile<\/i> Saint\u2010Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique\u2010H\u00f4pitaux de Paris Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5056-4918","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne\u2010Marie","family":"Pourcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OPAALE Research Unit (Optimization of Processes in Agriculture, Agri\u2010Food and Environment) IRSTEA, Bretagne\u2010Loire University Rennes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES, Ploufragan\u2010Plouzan\u00e9 Laboratory, Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pig Products Unit Bretagne\u2010Loire University Ploufragan France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"AFNOR. 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