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Uropathogenic\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (UPEC) resist AMP\u2010killing to cause a range of urinary tract infections (UTIs) including asymptomatic bacteriuria, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and sepsis. UPEC strains have high genomic diversity and encode numerous virulence factors that differentiate them from non\u2010UTI\u2010causing strains, including\n                    <jats:italic>ompT<\/jats:italic>\n                    . As OmpT homologs cleave and inactivate AMPs, we hypothesized that UPEC strains from patients with symptomatic UTIs have high OmpT protease activity. Therefore, we measured OmpT activity in 58 clinical\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates. While heterogeneous OmpT activities were observed, OmpT activity was significantly greater in UPEC strains isolated from patients with symptomatic infections. Unexpectedly, UPEC strains exhibiting the greatest protease activities harbored an additional\n                    <jats:italic>ompT<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010like gene called\n                    <jats:italic>arlC<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>ompTp<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The presence of two OmpT\u2010like proteases in some UPEC isolates led us to compare the substrate specificities of OmpT\u2010like proteases found in\n                    <jats:italic>E.\u00a0coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    . While all three cleaved AMPs, cleavage efficiency varied on the basis of AMP size and secondary structure. Our findings suggest the presence of ArlC and OmpT in the same UPEC isolate may confer a fitness advantage by expanding the range of target substrates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,8]],"date-time":"2019-09-08T22:40:08Z","timestamp":1567982408000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Identification and characterization of OmpT\u2010like proteases in uropathogenic\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    clinical isolates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Desloges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology McGill University Montreal QC Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and 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