{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T05:28:59Z","timestamp":1779168539220,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Carcinogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous investigations have demonstrated that immune activation and chronic inflammation may be one of the causes of oncogenesis. A previous study from our lab has shown significant increases of NF\u2010\u03baB dependent cytokines, TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20106, and IL\u20108 in different oral fluids from oral lichen planus (OLP) patients. The aim of this analysis was to explore the potential of detecting these cytokines in whole unstimulated saliva (WUS) in monitoring the malignant transformation of OLP. Thirteen patients with OLP (with epithelial dysplasia), 13 cases with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and 13 age\u2010sex matched controls were enrolled in the study. The WUS samples were collected and the level of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20106, and IL\u20108 in WUS was determined by ELISA. In moderate and severe dysplasia, the level of each cytokine was significantly higher than in control. In moderate dysplasia, TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20101\u03b1 were significantly increased at a level without difference from OSCC, but IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 was detected at a concentration significantly lower than OSCC. In severe dysplasia, the level of TNF\u2010\u03b1 was also not significantly different from that of OSCC, and the level of IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20106, and IL\u20108 was still significantly lower than that of OSCC. The level of four cytokines between smokers and non\u2010smokers in each group did not show a significant difference. These results indicate that the change of NF\u2010\u03baB dependent cytokines in WUS may in part reflect the malignant transformation of OLP and the analysis of these cytokines and may provide a useful, non\u2010invasive surrogate endpoint for monitoring malignant transformation as well as the therapeutic response of OLP. This is the first <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> study utilizing saliva to confirm preclinical data that NF\u2010\u03baB is upregulated in oral carcinogenesis. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,2]],"date-time":"2005-08-02T23:20:09Z","timestamp":1123024809000},"page":"77-82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["The feasibility of monitoring NF\u2010\u03baB associated cytokines: TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b1, IL\u20106, and IL\u20108 in whole saliva for the malignant transformation of oral lichen planus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nelson L.","family":"Rhodus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lindsay","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vu","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Ondrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-60592-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300503"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.16630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.16629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Malignant potential of the reticular form of oral lichen planus over a 25\u2010year observation period in 55 patients from Slovenia","volume":"44","author":"Rode M","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1993.tb00046.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Malignant transformation of atypical oral lichen planus: A review of 32 cases","volume":"8","author":"Lanfranchi\u2010Tizeira HE","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med Oral"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(03)00134-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1368-8375(03)00139-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.8.602"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2002.21235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2001.300302.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mhn.2002.125302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0215(20000801)87:3<368::AID-IJC9>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","first-page":"323","article-title":"Molecular analysis of oral lichen planus: A malignant lesion?","volume":"151","author":"Zhang L","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"364","article-title":"Study comparative of Ki\u201067 expression in oral lichen planus and oral leukoplakia. 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