{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T04:59:40Z","timestamp":1791176380480,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]],"date-time":"2011-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Carcinogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thirty years of research with animal models has shown that pancreatic adenocarcinoma is induced by <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosamine carcinogens, which damage DNA through adduct formation. Human risk factors for pancreatic cancer include gastric colonization by <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic>, as well as dietary intake of those same <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosamines or of nitrite which forms those <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosamines in the stomach, and cigarette smoking which also contains those <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosamines. Physiologic actions of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> colonization enhance the carcinogenic effect of <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosamines delivered by smoking or dietary sources. This effect is modulated by host inflammatory response to the organism, by various virulence and other properties of the <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> itself, and by host\u2010organism interactions. A recent genome\u2010wide association study identified SNPs within the <jats:italic>ABO<\/jats:italic> 9q34 locus as statistically significantly associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. A number of recent and older studies going back 40\u2009yr also support the ABO association. ABO\u2010product antigens are expressed on gastrointestinal epithelium on which <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> binds, and ABO genotype is known to be associated with risks of duodenal and gastric ulcer and with risk of gastric cancer, conditions definitively related to <jats:italic>Helicobacter<\/jats:italic> colonization. We suspect that ABO genotype\/phenotype status influences the behavior of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> which in turn affects gastric and pancreatic secretory function, and these ultimately influence the pancreatic carcinogenicity of dietary\u2010 and smoking\u2010related <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010nitrosamine exposures, and thus risk of pancreatic cancer. Our study results on the interaction of ABO and <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> significantly confirm this hypothesis and together with other existing studies strongly implicate this organism in the disease etiology. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]],"date-time":"2011-12-12T16:25:07Z","timestamp":1323707107000},"page":"109-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Pancreatic cancer: <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> colonization, <i>N<\/i>\u2010Nitrosamine exposures, and ABO blood group"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Harvey A.","family":"Risch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","volume-title":"Cancer facts & figures 2010","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","volume-title":"SEER cancer statistics review, 1973\u20131991: Tables and graphs","author":"Ries LAG","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09523.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","first-page":"279","volume-title":"IARC monographs on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals to humans. Vol. 38, Tobacco smoking","author":"IARC","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.429"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Progress in medical genetics","author":"Clarke CA","year":"1961"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq299"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000011830"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.12.937"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-12-199406150-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_2","first-page":"129","article-title":"ABO blood groups and carcinoma of pancreas","volume":"33","author":"Macafee AL","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ulster Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/52.5.1425"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_2","first-page":"761","article-title":"Cancer de pancreas y tipologia sanguinea ABO: Un estudio de casos y controles","volume":"96","author":"Vioque J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02933042"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djq007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djp020"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-2993"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25426"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/95.13.948"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-106-1-323"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_2","first-page":"443","volume-title":"Biliary and pancreatic ductal epithelia: Pathobiology and pathophysiology","author":"Lawson T","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(99)00014-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/78.1.101","article-title":"Pancreatic carcinogenesis: Effect of secretin in the hamster\u2010nitrosamine model","volume":"78","author":"Howatson AG","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-1810-4_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/14.8.1705"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_2","first-page":"2790","article-title":"The significance of DNA damage, its repair and cell proliferation during carcinogen treatment in the initiation of pancreatic cancer in the hamster model","volume":"53","author":"Kokkinakis DM","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_2","first-page":"725","volume-title":"Cancer epidemiology and prevention","author":"Anderson KE","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(91)90180-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_30_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"Pancreas cancer and smoking, beverage consumption, and past medical history","volume":"76","author":"Mack TM","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114479"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114972"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910450405"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000226872"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116069"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00050867"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_37_2","first-page":"513","article-title":"Dietary intake as a risk factor for cancer of the exocrine pancreas","volume":"2","author":"Lyon JL","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 37"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_38_2","first-page":"895","article-title":"Food habits and pancreatic cancer: A case\u2013control study of the Francophone community in Montreal, Canada","volume":"4","author":"Ghadirian P","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_39_2","first-page":"885","article-title":"Dietary factors and the risk of pancreatic cancer: A case\u2013control study in Shanghai China","volume":"4","author":"Ji BT","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/90.22.1710"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.9.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg098"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh081"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji292"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21732"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0378"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-007-9054-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr092"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(05)70417-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v10.i2.231","article-title":"Chinese literature associated with diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori","volume":"10","author":"Wan Y","year":"2004","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529609094531"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_52_2","first-page":"461","article-title":"Local acid production and Helicobacter pylori: A unifying hypothesis of gastroduodenal disease","volume":"7","author":"Lee A","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655201750305431"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-2993(01)80010-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_55_2","first-page":"1515","article-title":"Expression of antral gastrin and somatostatin mRNA in Helicobacter pylori\u2010infected subjects","volume":"89","author":"Sumii M","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_56_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract","author":"Walsh JH","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909093114"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_58_2","first-page":"538","article-title":"Antibodies to Helicobacter bilis in patients with pancreatic carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Wadstr\u00f6m T","year":"2004","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_59_2","first-page":"534","article-title":"The effect of eradication therapy for Helicobacter infection on the incidence of gastric and other cancers","volume":"9","author":"Kosunen TU","year":"2004","journal-title":"Helicobacter"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-8-321"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0185"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1746.2001.02459.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00469.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.6.743"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20310"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/94.22.1680"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq370"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22435"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-06-1048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2008\/521724"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1098801"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040002"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"The relationship of blood\u2010groups to disease","volume":"2","author":"Buchanan JA","year":"1921","journal-title":"Br J Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2.1.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2857"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(97)70129-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2363"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2006.00461.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12778"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1949"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_81_2","first-page":"1903","article-title":"Key importance of the Helicobacter pylori adherence factor blood group antigen binding adhesion during chronic gastric inflammation","volume":"61","author":"Prinz C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069076"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.083014"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_84_2","first-page":"971","article-title":"Polymorphisms of two Fucosyltransferase Genes (Lewis and Secretor Genes) involving Type I Lewis antigens are associated with the presence of anti\u2010Helicobacter pylori IgG antibody","volume":"10","author":"Ikehara Y","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01135.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01918.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2"}],"container-title":["Molecular Carcinogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fmc.20826","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mc.20826","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,12]],"date-time":"2023-09-12T00:24:15Z","timestamp":1694478255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mc.20826"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mc.20826"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mc.20826","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-1987","1098-2744"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-1987","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2744","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,12]]}}}