{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:39:26Z","timestamp":1788871166848,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Fullerton Foundation; a Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Scholar award"},{"name":"The Fullerton Foundation, the Georgia Cancer Coalition"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Carcinogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Increased colorectal epithelial cell proliferation is an early, common event in colorectal carcinogenesis. We conducted a pilot, colonoscopy\u2010based case\u2010control study (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200949 cases, 154 controls) of incident, sporadic colorectal adenoma to investigate endogenous cell growth factors and receptor, as well as the balance of growth factors, as potential modifiable pre\u2010neoplastic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms. We measured transforming growth factor alpha (TGF\u03b1), TGF\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and TGF\u03b2 receptor II (TGF\u03b2RII) expression in normal\u2010appearing mucosa from the rectum, sigmoid colon, and ascending colon using automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis. Diet and lifestyle were assessed via questionnaires. The mean ratio of rectal TGF\u03b1 to TGF\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      expression and mean rectal TGF\u03b1 expression were, respectively, 110% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and 49% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04) higher in cases than in controls, and associated with a more than two\u2010fold (OR 2.42, 95% CI 0.85\u20136.87) and a 62% (OR 1.62, 95% CI 0.63\u20134.19) higher risk of colorectal adenoma. TGF\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and TGF\u03b2RII expression were 6.7% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.75) and 7.2% (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.49), respectively, lower in cases than in controls. The TGF\u03b1\/TGF\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      expression ratio was 105% higher among smokers than among non\u2010smokers (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). These preliminary data suggest that the balance of TGF\u03b1 and TGF\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      expression, and to a lesser extend TGF\u03b1 alone, in the normal\u2010appearing rectal mucosa may be directly associated with risk for incident, sporadic colorectal neoplasms, as well as with modifiable risk factors for colorectal neoplasms. \u00a9 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,9]],"date-time":"2014-04-09T12:02:43Z","timestamp":1397044963000},"page":"821-830","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Transforming growth factors and receptor as potential modifiable pre\u2010neoplastic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Huakang","family":"Tu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta Georgia"},{"name":"Molecules to Mankind Program Laney Graduate School, Emory University Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas U.","family":"Ahearn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Health Sciences Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Laney Graduate School, Emory University Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie R.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Division of OVP, Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amparo G.","family":"Gonzalez\u2010Feliciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University Atlanta 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