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Endogenously produced specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) play a central role in inflammation and tissue homeostasis, and have been implicated in carcinogenesis. We studied the associations of plasma levels of two SPMs [lipoxin A<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (LXA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) and resolvin D1(RvD1)] with risk for recurrent adenoma. In this pilot study, we used data and biosamples from an adenoma chemoprevention study investigating the effects of aspirin and\/or folic acid on the occurrence of colorectal adenomas. In the parent study, 1121 participants with a recent adenoma were randomized to study agents to be taken until the next surveillance colonoscopy about 3 years later. In this pilot study, LXA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and RvD1 from samples taken near the end of study treatment were measured in a randomly selected sub\u2010set of 200 participants. Commercially available ELISA kits to assay the analytes were validated using a metabololipidomic LC\u2010MS\/MS assay. Poisson regression with a robust error variance was used to calculate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Plasma LXA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and RvD1 were not associated with the risk of adenoma occurrence. LXA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> at the end of study follow\u2010up was 32% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) proportionately higher in women compared to men. A similar non\u2010significant trend toward higher levels among women was observed for RvD1. Our preliminary findings provided no evidence that plasma LXA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> or RvD1 are associated with reduced risk of colorectal adenoma occurrence, but suggest LXA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> may differ among men and women. Future studies focusing on SPM's local effects and levels in the colon are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,20]],"date-time":"2017-02-20T12:54:11Z","timestamp":1487595251000},"page":"1977-1983","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Plasma lipoxin A<sub>4<\/sub> and resolvin D1 are not associated with reduced adenoma risk in a randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colon adenomas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7805-9913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Fedirko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute Emory University Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gail","family":"McKeown\u2010Eyssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health 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