{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:44:53Z","timestamp":1767829493443,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]],"date-time":"2020-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598227200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Carcinogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sal\u2010like protein 4 (SALL4) is overexpressed in breast cancer and might contribute to breast cancer progression, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. Here, we found that within a group of 371 ethnic Chinese breast cancer patients, SALL4 was associated with lower grade (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.002) and progesterone receptor positivity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.004) for overall cases; lower Ki67 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.045) and high vimentin (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.007) for luminal cases. Patients with high SALL4 expression in lymph node metastasis showed a significantly worse survival than those with low expression. Knockout of SALL4 in a triple\u2010negative breast cancer cell line MDA\u2010MB\u2010231\u2010Red\u2010FLuc\u2010GFP led to suppressed ability in proliferation, clonogenic formation, migration, and mammosphere formation in vitro, tumorigenicity and lung colonization in vivo. On the other hand, overexpression of SALL4 enhanced migration and mammosphere formation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, there was a positive correlation between SALL4 expression and mesenchymal markers including Zinc finger E\u2010box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), vimentin, Slug, and Snail in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiment indicated that SALL4 can bind to the promoter region of vimentin (\u2212778 to \u2212550 bp). Taken together, we hypothesize that SALL4 promotes tumor progression in breast cancer by inducing the mesenchymal markers like vimentin through directly binding to its promoter. Increased SALL4 level in metastatic lymph node relative to the primary site is an important poor survival marker in breast cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,25]],"date-time":"2020-08-25T05:09:27Z","timestamp":1598332167000},"page":"1209-1226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["SALL4 promotes tumor progression in breast cancer by targeting EMT"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"59","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0853-5320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia Y. S.","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Sha Tin Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Chun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen\u2010Qin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris L. K.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kit\u2010Ying","family":"Choy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary M. K.","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Sha Tin Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tak H.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong SAR"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9222-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Larry M. C.","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University  Hong Kong SAR"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010766"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.00419-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2008.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2010.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C600122200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-02-001594"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12241"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-20-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.22847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138515"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11060-014-1646-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2014.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.495"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-04-424275"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1300297"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1801253115"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cam4.1296"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"933","article-title":"SALL4 is essential for cancer cell proliferation and is overexpressed at early clinical stages in breast cancer","volume":"38","author":"Kobayashi D","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12867-016-0055-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2018-0012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11479"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.2004088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0095"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-009-0674-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018372"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0824-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2013.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.03.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.12190"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-016-0378-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03584-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-2842"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2010.509"}],"container-title":["Molecular Carcinogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mc.23250","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/mc.23250","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mc.23250","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,5]],"date-time":"2023-09-05T14:01:12Z","timestamp":1693922472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mc.23250"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mc.23250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mc.23250","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0899-1987","1098-2744"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0899-1987","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2744","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-04-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}