{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T08:05:31Z","timestamp":1789373131951,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]],"date-time":"2006-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4948,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Molecular Carcinogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1993,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study we analyzed the mutations in c\u2010Ha\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> from skin papillomas initiated with benzo[<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>]pyrene (B[<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>]P), 7\u2010methylbenz[<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>]anthracene (7\u2010MBA), and 10\u2010fluoro\u20107\u2010methylbenz[<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>]anthracene (10\u2010F\u20107\u2010MBA) and from papillomas induced by treatment with tumor promoter alone. Among the papillomas induced by treatment with tumor promoter alone, 56% (nine of 16) had mutations in c\u2010Ha\u2010<jats:italic>ras.<\/jats:italic> These mutations were found primarily in codon 61 and included both A<jats:sup>182<\/jats:sup>\u2192T and A<jats:sup>182<\/jats:sup>\u2192G mutations. In addition, one promoter\u2010induced tumor had a G<jats:sup>35<\/jats:sup>\u2192A mutation in codon 12, and one had a G<jats:sup>37<\/jats:sup>\u00b0C mutation in codon 13. The other promoter\u2010induced papillomas did not have detectable mutations in codons 12, 13, or 61. Most of the B[<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>]P\u2010initiated papillomas (77%; 10 of 13) did not have detectable mutations in c\u2010Ha\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> codons 12, 13, or 61. However, three of these B[<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>]P\u2010initiated papillomas had c\u2010Ha\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> codon 13 mutations; one had a G<jats:sup>37<\/jats:sup>\u00b0C transversion and two had G<jats:sup>38<\/jats:sup>\u2192 T transversions. Most of the 7\u2010MBA\u2014initiated tumors and all of the 10\u2010F\u20107\u2010MBA\u2014initiated tumors had an activated c\u2010Ha\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> gene [nine of 10 (90%) and 11 of 11 (100%), respectively]. These mutations were almost exclusively A<jats:sup>182<\/jats:sup>\u2192 T transversions in codon 61 except for two 7\u2010MBA\u2014initiated papillomas that had G<jats:sup>37<\/jats:sup>\u00b0C transversions in codon 13. The results suggest that more than one mechanism may contribute to activation of c\u2010Ha\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in mouse skin. Furthermore, the absence of c\u2010Ha\u2010<jats:italic>ras<\/jats:italic> mutations in most B[<jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>]P\u2010initiated papillomas, as well as in a significant fraction of those induced by tumor promoter alone, suggests that there may be other molecular targets involved in tumor initiation by PAHs in mouse skin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.2940080410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,21]],"date-time":"2007-02-21T20:45:07Z","timestamp":1172090707000},"page":"272-279","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Further analysis of c\u2010Ha\u2010<i>ras<\/i> mutations in papillomas initiated by several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and papillomas from uninitiated, promoter\u2010treated skin in sencar mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"John","family":"Digiovanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Beltr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Rupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosalynn D.","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald G.","family":"Harvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","volume-title":"The Role of Chemicals and Radiation in the Etiology of Cancer. 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