{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:29:18Z","timestamp":1790281758429,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AT007036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AT007036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03ES035958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03ES035958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03CA259650"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03CA259650"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES005022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES005022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10OD026876"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD026876"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ES007148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ES007148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Molecular Carcinogenesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Excessive activation of the estrogen receptor (ER) drives proliferation, progression, and the formation of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) in ER\u2010positive breast cancer. Estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) found in plastics, water, and food are also able to bind to the ER. Thus, we hypothesized that estrogenic EDCs mimic estrogen (E2) in the pathogenesis of breast cancer by promoting their survival and proliferation. Three estrogenic EDCs routinely found in human biosamples were selected for analysis: bisphenol\u2010A (BPA), diethyl\u2010hexyl phthalate (DEHP), and alpha\u2010zeranol (\u03b1ZAL). We assessed proliferation, transcriptional reprogramming, and CSC formation in breast cancer cell lines. E2, BPA, and \u03b1ZAL significantly increased cell proliferation in ER\u2010positive, but not ER\u2010negative cell lines. This was reversed after administration of the ER\u2010antagonist, ICI 182,780. BPA and \u03b1ZAL upregulated estrogen target genes (PGR, TFF1) and increased levels of cell\u2010cycle protein. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that BPA and \u03b1ZAL altered expression of genes related to cell division, DNA repair, and estrogen signaling, with a substantial transcriptional overlap between EDCs and estrogen treatments. Additionally, BPA and \u03b1ZAL increased the proportion of CSCs, defined as the CD24\n                    <jats:sup>low<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CD44\n                    <jats:sup>high<\/jats:sup>\n                    expressing subpopulation. Overall, these data indicate that BPA and \u03b1ZAL act as functional estrogen mimics in breast cancer cells, activating canonical estrogen signaling pathways and promoting stem\u2010like characteristics. Notably, this study provides the first transcriptomic and stem\u2010associated characterization of \u03b1ZAL in ER\u2010positive breast cancer cells, revealing a robust estrogenic mode of action. This work provides mechanistic insight into how environmental EDCs may influence ER\u2010positive breast cancer biology.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T21:05:34Z","timestamp":1777842334000},"page":"907-920","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Endocrine Disrupting Compounds Bisphenol\u2010A and \u03b1\u2010Zeranol Mimic the Estrogen Transcriptional Program to Promote Proliferation and Stemness in Breast Cancer Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9993-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cassandra","family":"Winz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyo Chang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Boguszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shlok","family":"Rohatagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ray","family":"Rancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Furmanski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanjoo","family":"Suh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy at Rutgers The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey USA"},{"name":"Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey New Brunswick New Jersey USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","unstructured":"N.Howlader A.N M.Krapcho et al. 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