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JE\u2010CV was previously known as ChimeriVax\u2010JE, that consists of yellow fever vaccine 17D (YFV\u201017D) from which the structural genes (prM\/E) have been replaced with those of SA14\u201014\u20102. This study aimed to investigate the neutralizing antibody, protection efficacy, and specific T\u2010cell response elicited by both vaccines in mice. The neutralizing antibodies produced by JE\u2010CV were slightly lower than those produced by SA14\u201014\u20102, but the protection conferred by JE\u2010CV was considerably lower in the low vaccine dose immunization group. Furthermore, the JE\u2010CV did not induce a specific T\u2010cell response against JEV NS3, while it did induce a potent antigen\u2010specific T\u2010cell response against the viral backbone vaccine YFV. In conclusion, this study is the first detailed investigation of the cellular immune response to the two vaccines. Enzyme\u2010linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and flow staining suggest a more potent specific T\u2010cell response against the JEV antigen was elicited in mice immunized with SA14\u201014\u20102 but not JE\u2010CV. Using heterologous flaviviruses as a live\u2010attenuated vaccine backbone may unlikely generate an optimal T\u2010cell response against the vaccine strain virus and might affect the protective efficacy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T17:50:08Z","timestamp":1649267408000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Investigation of immune response induction by Japanese encephalitis live\u2010attenuated and chimeric vaccines in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Enyue","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes for Food and Drug Control  Beijing 102629 China"},{"name":"Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, Co., LtD.  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