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ARDS can be precipitated by intrapulmonary factors or extrapulmonary factors, which can lead to severe hypoxemia. Patients suffering from ARDS have high mortality rates, including a 28\u2010day mortality rate of 34.8% and an overall in\u2010hospital mortality rate of 40.0%. The pathophysiology of ARDS is complex and involves the activation and dysregulation of multiple overlapping and interacting pathways of systemic inflammation and coagulation, including the respiratory system, circulatory system, and immune system. In general, the treatment of inflammatory injuries is a coordinated process that involves the downregulation of proinflammatory pathways and the upregulation of anti\u2010inflammatory pathways. Given the complexity of the underlying disease, treatment needs to be tailored to the problem. Hence, we discuss the pathogenesis and treatment methods of affected organs, including 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID\u201019)\u2010related pneumonia, drowning, trauma, blood transfusion, severe acute pancreatitis, and sepsis. This review is intended to provide a new perspective concerning ARDS and offer novel insight into future therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T22:14:07Z","timestamp":1737929647000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): from mechanistic insights to therapeutic strategies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5266-383X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongli","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery Ruijin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University 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