{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T20:56:24Z","timestamp":1790283384916,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7234396"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7234396"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFC2702600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFC2702600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021YFC2700200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2700200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["72042013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["72042013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82301805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82301805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["MedComm"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) has triggered research into its impact on male reproductive health. However, studies exploring the effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) on semen quality in infertile men remain limited. Herein, we enrolled 781 male infertile patients who recovered from COVID\u201019 and analyzed their semen and blood samples collected at different time points. We found that SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 RNA was undetectable in semen samples. Compared with pre\u2010COVID\u201019 status, total sperm count, sperm concentration, vitality, motility, and percentage of sperm cells with normal morphology decreased significantly in the first month post\u2010COVID\u201019. However, these alterations were reversed in the third month. Furthermore, seminal plasma samples exhibited reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels and notable changes in amino acid, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate metabolism by the third month compared with those in the first month. By contrast, no significant alterations in reproductive hormone levels were found. Vitality, progressive motility, and total motility negatively correlated with body temperature when it was above 38\u00b0C. In conclusion, semen quality initially decreases post\u2010COVID\u201019 but reverses after approximately 3 months, with a decline related to inflammatory and fever. These findings may provide guidance to infertile male patients who need assisted reproductive technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T12:14:25Z","timestamp":1745496865000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alterations in Semen Quality and Immune\u2010Related Factors in Men with Infertility who Recovered from COVID\u201019"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feiyin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Peking\u2010Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Peking\u2010Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Defeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haocheng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaming","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhao","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianming","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8032-5985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Center for Reproductive Medicine Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University) Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology Peking University Third Hospital  Beijing China"},{"name":"Peking\u2010Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43043-020-00046-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmac037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/INMD.20220006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43657-022-00058-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-048391"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021203153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.745758"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03346-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069590","article-title":"Risks of Deep Vein Thrombosis, Pulmonary Embolism, and Bleeding After covid\u201019: Nationwide Self\u2010controlled Cases Series and Matched Cohort Study","volume":"377","author":"Katsoularis I.","year":"2022","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-022-00611-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000519412"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.635255"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11091431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.1190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(21)00250-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01666-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231710060"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27971"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8292"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-020-1705-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.15573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1220048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09417-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.140.3563.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100829"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-022-00840-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.157"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Replication of SARS\u2010CoV\u2010","volume":"34","author":"Zickler M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66522"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2024.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2009.02.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic Fatty Acid Reduces the Pro\u2010inflammatory Response Induced by IL\u20101\u03b2 in Astrocytes Through Inhibition of NF\u2010\u03baB and AP\u20101 Transcription Factor Activation","volume":"22","author":"Zg\u00f3rzy\u0144ska E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Neuroscience [Electronic Resource]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01866"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-022-00889-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.841739"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01196-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13912"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30183-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.146967"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/aiua.2021.4.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)00138-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOM.0000000000002138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00604-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2015.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2021.103349"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2090598X.2019.1599624"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","first-page":"90","article-title":"Evaluation of the Effects of COVID\u201019 on Semen Parameters and Male Infertility","volume":"28","author":"Ara\u00fajo A. L. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"JBRA Assisted Reproduction"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05667-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16396-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85788-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21907-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.140327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1353903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1043970"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-023-02795-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2021-0227"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/aja.aja_31_21"}],"container-title":["MedComm"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/mco2.70179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T10:22:40Z","timestamp":1747736560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/mco2.70179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/mco2.70179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mco2.70179","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2688-2663","2688-2663"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2688-2663","type":"print"},{"value":"2688-2663","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"article-number":"e70179"}}