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Capsaicin (CAP), from <jats:italic>Capsicum annuum L<\/jats:italic>., is known for its burning sensation\u2010inducing property and has shown various pharmacological effects, yet its specific mechanisms and targets in RA treatment remain largely unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of CAP in RA by synthesizing CAP probes and using activity\u2010based protein profiling. We found that CAP reduced joint swelling in arthritic mice and exerted anti\u2010inflammatory and antiproliferative effects on fibroblast\u2010like synoviocytes. We identified that CAP binds to PRDX2, inhibiting its antioxidant function and inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis, contributing to the antiarthritic effects. These results suggest that PRDX2 is a potential target for CAP in RA treatment, providing new insights into the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies for RA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.70209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T22:46:22Z","timestamp":1748558782000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Inhibition Peroxiredoxin\u20102 by Capsaicin Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis via ROS\u2010Mediated Apoptosis in Fibroblast\u2010Like Synoviocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Hengkai","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutics School of Traditional Chinese Medicine and School of pharmaceutical Sciences Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resource School of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese 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